therapeutics covid - 19 presentation.pptx

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1. "SARS-COVID 19" A PRESENTATION BY ISKINDA ADHIKARI

2. INTRODUCTION COVID-19, short for "Coronavirus Disease 2019," is a viral illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The outbreak was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread globally, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a pandemic in March 2020. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA .

3. CAUSES

4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY vntion .

5. 1. Virus Exposure: Exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, primarily through respiratory droplets.
 
2. Virus Entry: Virus enters the body, typically through the nose, mouth, or eyes.

3. Attachment to ACE2 Receptor: The virus binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on respiratory epithelial cells.

4. Cell Entry and Replication: The virus enters the host cell, replicates, and begins to spread within the respiratory system.

5. Inflammatory Response: The immune system responds to the viral invasion, triggering inflammation in the lungs and other organs.

6. 6.Cytokine Storm: In some cases, an exaggerated immune response leads to a cytokine storm, causing severe inflammation throughout the body. 7. Lung Damage: Severe inflammation damages lung tissue, leading to respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and pneumonia. 8. Systemic Effects: The virus can also affect other organs, leading to multi-organ dysfunction in severe cases. 9. Complications: Complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and organ failure can occur, especially in individuals with underlying health conditions. 10. Recovery or Death: Some individuals recover from the infection with appropriate medical care, while others may experience fatal outcomes, particularly those with severe illness.

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION Fever Dry cough Shortness of breath Fatigue Muscle or body aches Loss of taste or smell Sore throat Headache Congestion or runny nose Gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) Skin rashes Neurological symptoms (dizziness, confusion, difficulty concentrating, seizures)

8. People may experience different symptoms from COVID-19. Symptoms usually begin 5–6 days after exposure and last 1–14 days. The most common symptoms are: fever  chills sore throat. Less common symptoms are: muscle aches and heavy arms or legs severe fatigue or tiredness runny or blocked nose, or sneezing headache sore eyes dizziness new and persistent cough tight chest or chest pain shortness of breath hoarse voice numbness or tingling appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or diarrhoea loss or change of sense of taste or smell difficulty sleeping. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND .

9. INVESTIGATION RT-PCR Test Antigen Tests Antibody Tests (Serology) Chest X-ray Blood Tests This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY .

10. PREVENTION Vaccination Mask-Wearing Hand Hygiene Physical Distancing Avoid Large Gatherings Ventilation Stay Home When Sick Cover Coughs and Sneezes Clean and Disinfect Follow Public Health Guidelines This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC .

11. PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT Antiviral medications: Remdesivir (inhibits the replication of virus)
Analgesic: Paracetamol (Reducing fever)
Corticosteroids: Dexamethasone (reduces inflammation)
Monoclonal antibodies: Bamlanivimab (emergency cases of progressing to severe disease)
Anticoagulants: Heparin (to prevent blood clotting) Immunomodulators : Tocilizumab (to manage immune response and inflammation)

12. धन्यवाद •