Thermal Pollution.It is caused by the discharge of heated water from industrial processes, such as power plants and manufacturing facilities, into natural bodies of water

Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes the ambient water temperature. It is caused by the discharge of heated water from industrial processes, such as power plants and manufacturing facilities, into natural bodies of water

1. Thermal Pollution

2. 2 Content 2 Introduction Source Impact Cooling tower & Ponds Economy

3. 3 Thermal Pollution :- T he ambient temperature of a natural body of water through human interference. The quality of the body of water is decreased by a rise or fall in the water temperature, This degraded water is infirm to support the life-support systems of marine life or consumption. Thermal pollution a change in the physical properties of water like Oxygen, Quality of water, Metabolic rates , Reproduction of aquatic animlas & Toxicity of water. Introduction

4. 4 Sewage. Industrial Matter. Hydro electricity. Nuclear Power Plant . Deforestration & Soil Erosion. Sources :-

5. 5 Sewage :- T he increase in temperature of the receiving water, the dissolved oxygen (DO) decreases, and the demand for oxygen increases, it causes anaerobic conditions. Industrial matter :- When water used as coolant is returned to the natural environment at A higher temperature, the sudden change in temperature decreases oxygen supply. Hydro-electricity :- A turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy. Then into electrical energy. The reservoir water temperature is often colder than the original stream or river.

6. 6 Nuclear power plant :- When water used of as a coolant & returned to the natural sources at higher temperature , the sudden change in temperature decreases oxygen concentration. Thermal power plant :- H igh-pressure  steam used for driving a  steam turbine  that creates electricity by boiling of water. That hot water released in natural water that affects on oxygen & ecological system. Deforestation & soil erosion :- Removal of trees & plants, it causes direct and more sunlight exposure to water bodies, that increases temp Of water. & Soil erosion causes the expansion of water bodies due to which sunlight exposure increases.

7. 7 Impact Decrease oxygen level:- The oxygen level get imbalance by temperature of water. If temp. Is more then oxygen is less. Migration :- Aquatic animals migrate to suitable location cause of higher or lower temperature. That effects on food chain. Toxins & loss of bio-diversity :- Toxins like cd, hg etc., Solvents, oils, waste water. & Vulnerable animals driven away. Reproductive rates:- Warmer water can affect on fertility of organisms. They might be suffer in birth defects, eggs formation, cause of chemical changes in body. Ecological impacts ;- Thermal shcok is biggest influencer on ecological system. Various fishes, amphibians & insects get killed off due to sudden change.

8. 8 Measure to control thermal pollution :- Thermal pollution could be controlled by employing of few efficient scientific techniques such as construction of artificial lakes, cooling ponds, and cooling towers. Cooling ponds :- Cooling ponds are usually big bodies of water that would appear more like a lake or large pond. They traditionally are used to process and cool the warm water created by an industrial process such as: Power plant operations [nuclear plants, coal-fired plant]  Refineries Mills [paper, steel etc ] & Chemical plants Food processing plants

9. 9 Once the water has cooled in the pond, it is reused by the plant & new water is added to the system to replace the water lost through evaporation. The pond receives  thermal energy  in the water from the plant’s  condensers  during the process of energy production Working :- Allow cooling via radiation, evaporation, and conduction before being recirculated back into the cooling system via the system pumps.

10. 10 Add a footer Cooling towers :- C ooling towers are type of heat exchanger that allows water and air to come in contact with each other to lower the temperature of the hot water. Cooling towers provide a cost-effective and energy efficient operation of systems in need of cooling.  Used for ; Ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) Power plants. Petroleum refineries,& petrochemical plants. Natural gas processing plants Food processing plants,

11. 11 Working :- When overheated water goes into the cooling tower, the water is passed through some nozzles which spray the water into small droplets which increases the surface area of water and allows for better heat loss thru greater evaporation. Heat leaves the recirculating cooling tower water through evaporation. The colder water then reenters the air conditioning equipment or process to cool that equipment down, and the cooling cycle repeats over and over again The purpose of the fan to bring an air from the bottom of the tower and move it up and he air will carry the heat through evaporating water from the cooling tower into the atmosphere.

12. 12 Involved economy :- Water covers almost 70% of the world's surface. Of that, only 2.5% is fresh, and just 1% of that is available for use. Water quality of streams, lakes, and rivers depends on the sources that feed them. Unfortunately thermal pollution is created when inappropriate water released into them by sewage, industrial matter,power plants or by narural process. It costs the economy by impacting: Cost of treating thermal water Climate Affects ( Air & Water )

13. 13 Climate Effect on Economy ( Air & Water ) :- Air Pollution Factor : Water that is applied in  cooling towers , contains salts ( chlorine ,  sulphates )  and  metal ions ( iron  and  manganese ). The presence of these pollutants can cause Biological growth of humans a s well as this pollutants affects on Birds, Global Warming etc. Economy Effected on :- Global warming effects damage to property and infrastructure, lost productivity, mass migration and security threats. Public Health health care providers, hospitals and clinics, managed care and public health promotion activities Air Pollution affects Economy & Lifes :

14. 14 T hermal pollution damages water ecosystems and reduces animal populations. Plant species, algae, bacteria, and multi-celled animals all respond differently to significant temperature changes. Treatment of thermal water causes heavy maintainance to government, maintainance for aquatic animal reproductivity, metabolic rates etc. Less amount of oxygen causes climate effects like natural evaporation phenomenon too. Water Pollution Factor :-

15. 15 Refrences Ecological effects of thermal discharges by  T langford Energy and the environment by  theodore L brown Thermal pollution analysis by  joseph A. Schetz (editor) Thermal ecology : J. Whitfield gibbons Https://www.Britannica.Com/explore/savingearth/thermal-pollution Https://www.Sciencedirect.Com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/thermal-pollution

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