this presentation is about body parts of livestock.pptx

body parts of livestock
Body points of the cattle and buffalo are studied in five group’s viz.,
(A) Head
(B) Neck
(C) Body or Barrel
(D) Fore limbs or Fore quarters and
(E) Hind limbs or Hind quarters.

1. Dr. Sandeep Assistant Professor,LPM LUVAS Body Parts of Livestock

2. Body points of Cattle and Buffalo Body points of the cattle and buffalo are studied in five group’s viz., ( A) Head (B) Neck ( C) Body or Barrel ( D) Fore limbs or Fore quarters and ( E) Hind limbs or Hind quarters.

3. Head Mouth Lips, tongue, teeth, jaw and dental pad, organ of prehension.     Horn Generally black in young age and yellowish black in old age. In some breeds they are pinkish yellow. The rings are present on horn.       Head The portion between the two bases of the horns. crest       Fore head The portion situated below the head crest and above the level of two eyes. It is flat or bulging shape.       Face It is the portion below the level of two eyes up to the muzzle.       Poll or It is the bulging portion situated at the middle top center of the forehead. Nimbori       Cheeks Lateral portion of face below the eyes on both the sides.     Chin Portion below the lower lip. It is fleshy and pink in colour.     Muzzle The projecting part of the head including the mouth, nose and jaws. Muzzle print help in determination of age, species and breed of animal.      

4. Cattle

5. Fleshy bare part of the upper lip and nose. Generally it is black. In some breeds it may be pinkish or spotted. It is wet with drop-lets of water in healthy animals. It has specified line markings into muzzle print.     Nose It has two nostrils.     Eye Eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes and eyeball.     Ear Tip of the ear and base of the ear. They are erect to pendulous in shape.    

6. Neck Neck crest It is the upper portion of the neck between head crest and hump/ point of withers where yoke is placed in bullocks.       Dewlap   A hanging loose, wavy fold of skin between chin and brisket. It is more developed in tropical breeds of cattle and helps in heat-dissipation. European cattle posses less developed dewlap. It is absent in case of buffaloes.     Brisket A fleshy bulging mass lying between the fore limbs. It is more developed in case of buffaloes.     Jugular A groove running down the neck above the windpipe on either side of neck. groove      

7. Body/Barrel Hump The bulging fleshy mass between neck crest and back. Point of withers Point just behind the hump located between the two shoulder blades. Back Portion between point of withers and the head of last ribs. Loins The triangle formed by joining the head of last ribs to the two hook bones. Sacrum Portion from middle point of two hook bones and ending near the croup or root of tail. Rump Sloppy / declining portion on either side of the croup between the hook bones and pin bones.   Hook-bone It is the prominent bone on either side of the loin (the external angle of ilium) hook-bone, which is triangular in shape.   Pin bone It is also the prominent bone on either side of the root of tail (tuber ischii).  

8. Tail A distinct flexible appendage extending from the rear end of the body. Switch Bunch of hair at the end of the tail. Chest Portion between two fore limbs just behind the point of elbow. Heart Girth The circular measurement around chest. Ribs Thirteen pairs. Hollow of The depression of the abdominal cavity between last rib and hook-bone which is triangu - Flank lar in shape. Flap of Flank Thick skin hanging between hind limb and abdomen Navel Point on the lower side of the belly, left by dropping off of the navel cord through which embryo receives nutrition and oxygen from the mother; and gives off the waste products.   Udder Structure containing mammary glands of cows. It has four quarters each having one sepa - rate teat.   Milk Vein Situated on either side of abdomen between udder and milk well. This vein is very zigzag and carries impure blood from the udder to the heart.   Milk well It is point on either of the chest where the milk vein enters in to the body well cavity. Milk mirror The bare yellowish portion extending from below the vulva up to the udder. Anus Posterior opening of the alimentary canal and it is situated just underneath the base of tail. Vulva External female uro -genital organ. Reflect that female is in heat or not. Supernumerary Extra teats which are non-functional. They may be removed. teat  

9. D. Fore Quarters Limbs Shoulders Portion between the points of withers and point of shoulder. Point of shoulder It is a prominent joint of shoulder situated between point of withers and the elbow joint.   Arm Portion between point of shoulder and point of elbow. Forearm Portion between elbow joint and knee joint. Knee joint Joint between fore arm and shank. Shank or cannon The portion between knee joint and fetlock joint.   Fetlock Joint between the shank and pastern. Pastern Round portion between the fetlock joint and coronet. Coronet Hairy streak just above the hoof. Hoof It has two digits black in colour in case of cow and buffaloes. The space between the two digits is known as inter-digital space.   Dewclaw Rudimentary hoof, two in number on each leg.

10. Point of hip The external angle of ilium occurs as a bony prominent on either or hook bone side of loin.       Hip joint The prominence formed over the hip joint by the great trochanter of the femur.     Stifle The joint between femur, patella and tibia. Situated between hip joint and hock joint at the flap of flank.         The region between the hook bone and pin bone on upper side and hock joint on lower Thigh     side. • Upper thigh - Portion up to stifle. • Lower thigh - Portion from stifle to hock joint.     Hock (joint) The complex joint formed between lower thigh and cannon is made due to union of fibia (and fibula), bones of hock and metatarsal.       Point of hock The upper most extremity of the hock joint.       The large, strong tendon attached to point of hock. The milkman’s rope is tied on this ten- Tendo achillies don of the cows to prevent kicking while milking. Parts below the hock joint are similar   to those found in fore quarters.

11. Differential Body Points of Bull / Bullock     Scrotum It is a pouch in which testicles are situated.     Testicles Two in number, found inside the scrotum, and produce sperms.     Penis Male uro -genital organ of copulation.     Sheath Outer covering of the penis.     Rudimentary Non-functional teats in bulls/bullocks. Teats       Differential body points of buffaloes Horns It is flat type and generally more curved than cattle in most of the breeds     Hump Absent     Dewlap Absent     Briscket Well developed     Skin and hair Thick skin with coarse, long and scanty hairs

12. Sheep