Tidal energy conversion

Tidal energy conversion, different technology, advantage, and disadvantage, etc

1. G.L BAJAJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT, GR. NOIDA DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Prepared By Mr. VISHAL SHANKAR SRIVASTAV (Asst. Prof. ) 1 Topic – Tidal Energy Conversion

2. Content Introduction Working Types Advantages and disadvantages Applications References 2

3. Introduction (Tide) Tides are periodic rise and fall of the water level in the oceans due to various positions of rotating moon and sun. Tides are produced by gravitational attraction of the moon and the sun acting on the rotating earth . As moon is nearer to the earth, the gravitational pull of moon is about 2.33 times stronger than that of the sun. The difference in the level between the high and the low tide is called the tidal range and tidal range of 5–l5 m can be easily used to drive turbine coupled with generator to generate electric power . Seawater is much denser than air; therefore the kinetic energy available is much greater than air.

4. Tidal E nergy Conversion Technologies . Barrage [5] Tidal  barrage power systems take advantage of differences between high tides and  low tides by using a “barrage,” or type of dam, to block receding water during ebb periods. At low tide, water behind the barrage is released, and the water passes through a turbine that generates electricity . Fig:1 Barrage Type Tidal power plant [6]

5. 2. Turbine Type Tidal Power Plant Tidal turbines  are very similar to wind turbines, except are located underwater. They are arranged in rows and work well where coastal currents are between 3.6 - 4.9 knots or 4 -5.5 miles per hour. Tidal turbines are much heavier than wind turbines as they must be built much sturdier to withstand the pressure and strong forces of the sea, but they are able to catch more energy .[6] Fig:2 Turbine Type Tidal power plant [9]

6. Advantages of Tide[2] Tidal power is a known green energy source, at least in terms of emitting zero greenhouse gases. It also doesn’t take up that much space. T idal power is predictable because the gravitational forces of celestial bodies are not going to stop anytime soon. Seawater is 832 times as dense as air; therefore the kinetic energy available is much greater than air. Tidal energy is available worldwide on a large scale from deep ocean waters. Tidally driven coastal currents provide an energy density four times greater than air.

7. Disadvantage Environmental risk such as change in local current and sediment patterns, risk to marine animals, leakage of hydraulic fluids and visual impacts. Tidal fences could present some difficulty to migrating fish. Multitude of legislation which governs Marine energy projects. Complexity in project approval and management.

8. Tidal Power Plant in The World[5] The total energy contained in tides worldwide is 3,000 gigawatts (GW; billion watts), though estimates of how much of that energy is available for power generation by tidal barrages are between 120 and 400 GW, depending on the location and the potential for conversion.   The largest tidal power station in the world is the Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station in South Korea, which generates 254 MW of electricity. A tidal barrage power station at La  Rance  in France has been operating since the 1960s, with 240 MW of capacity; its typical output is 0.5 terawatt-hour per year. Larger electricity generation efforts are on the horizon; for example, the first phase of the MeyGen project in Scotland’s Inner Sound generated 700 megawatt-hours of electricity in August 2017.

9. Tidal Power Plant in India As of March 2017, India announced of its 7500 Km long coastline, where the height of high tide was recorded over 5 metres higher than the low tide which can essentially capture the potential tidal power. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy estimated that the country can produce 7000 MW of power in the Gulf of Khambhat in Gujarat, 1200 MW of power in the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat and about 100 MW of power in the Gangetic delta of Sundarbans in West Bengal[7]. The Gujarat government is all set to develop India’s first tidal energy plant. The state government has approved Rs 25 crore for setting up the 50 MW plant at the Gulf of Kutch[8].  

10. References NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES, by - G.S. Sawhney , PHL learning publication -2012 Https://www.Power-technology.Com/features/tidal-energy-advantages-and-disadvantages/ https:// www.irena.org/documentdownloads/publications/tidal_energy_v4_web.pdf http:// www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Courseware/Class-ME909-ME922-ME927/Presentations/tidal.pdf https:// www.britannica.com/science/internal-energy https:// www.energizect.com/untitled-tab-458 https://www.toppr.com/bytes/tidal-energy-in-india / https:// www.downtoearth.org.in/news/energy/gujarat-set-to-develop-india-s-first-tidal-energy-plant-38042 https://www.woodharbinger.com/tidal-energy-sustainable-resource/