Timber structure

Timber Application in Building

1. AAR553 Structural Theories & Application Group Member: LUKMAN ALHAKIM BIN MOHAMMAD KAMIL 2010770815 SYED ALWI BIN SYED SULAIMAN 2010938119 MUHAMMAD FARIS HADI BIN GHAZALI 2010933221 MUHAMMAD REDZUAN BIN ZULKIFLI 2010344265 MUSAHIDDIN BIN MD ZAINAL 2010740055 Building Structural System (Timber)

2. Wood is a natural resource that is widely available throughout the world. With proper management, there is a potential for an endless supply of timber and other wood-based materials. Due to the low energy required and the low pollution during manufacture timber has a far less detrimental impact on the environment than other building materials. Timber is a live material. Its properties are anisotropic, they change with changes in environmental conditions and load duration has also a significant effect upon strength and deformation. To be able to design timber structures successfully, the practicing engineer needs to be aware of the particular properties of the timber being specified. Introduction

3. Benefits of Timber Framing: 1. Fast , efficient and cost effective 2. Flexible to add further extensions 3. Environmentally friendly 4. Hand crafted 5. Unique character 6. Buildings with an organic, natural, earthly charm Introduction

4. Timber building structure Introduction Timber Framing (Post & Beams const.) Roof Structure

5. T imber as a structural material is similar to steel and both materials are available in similar shapes and even jointing of timber or steel members, respectively, is often comparable . Table below shows an overview of similarities and differences regarding steel and timber. Timber as Structure

6. Timber members are particularly capable of acting as tension, compression and bending members . Compared to steel or concrete, the modulus of elasticity is low . The texture and appearance of timber makes it very suitable for use in visually exposed structures . The combination of steel and timber often produces light and competitive structures with timber as compression and steel as tension members . M ost timber is found in buildings having a simple rectangular form used, for example, in floor joists, rafters and other roof components or for walls in timber framed housing, large structures can be built economically in other forms such as domes and examples exist spanning over 100 meters. Timber as Structure

7. Timber Const. Element Vertical Horizontal - Post - Wall stud - Beams - Wall Plate

8. Instead of decorative purpose: 1. Transmit load. 2. Resist lateral forces 3. Support beams Timber (Load) Through : Compressions (Equilibrium, instability & loads)

9. To determine strength of materials Axial Load An axial load is a force administered along the lines of an axis. Figure a: Cantilevered beams F

10. Stress COMPRESSIVE

11. Stress (Calculation) Normal Stress, õ = Force, F Area , A

12. Cause by certain Force, into the structure. Deflection

13. Degree where structural elements displaced. Deflection Example 1: Cantilevered Beam Example 2: Both end supported beam

14. Deflection (Calculation)

15. Deflection (Calculation)

16. T imber is a natural material the essential properties vary considerably Timber is a lightweight material with a high strength to weight ratio. The strength and stiffness properties of timber are highly dependent on the angle between load and grain. Timber is strong and stiff parallel to the grain whereas it is prone to cleavage along the grain if tension stresses perpendicular to the grain occur. It has a low shear strength and shear modulus. Shrinkage and swelling have to be considered during the design life of timber structures. Timber acts well compositely with both steel and concrete. Conclusion

17. URL http :// research.ttlchiltern.co.uk/pif306/pages/durabilitybeta1.1/durability%20beta%201.1/step/a05/a5.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column http://www.engineeringcivil.com/what-is-the-stress-in-timber-beams.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflection_(engineering ) Books C.J.Mettem , Structural Timber Design and Technology References

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