Title- Nuclear Fuels; Fission reaction.pptx

Fusion power is a proposed form of power generation that would generate electricity by using heat from nuclear fusion reactions. In a fusion process, two lighter atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, while releasing energy. Devices designed to harness this energy are known as fusion reactors.

1. Utkal S Patil Sharad Institute of Technology Polytechnic, Yadrav L ecture 4:-Electric Power Generation (Nuclear Fuels; Fission reaction)

2. Contents 2 Sr No. Title Slide Number 01. Basic of Nuclear power station 03 02. Structure of an atom 04 03. Fuels used in Nuclear Power Plants 05 04. Enrichment of Uranium 06 05. Nuclear Power Plant Block diagram 07 06. Nuclear Reactor 08 07. Nuclear reactor construction & working 09 08. Types of Nuclear reactors 10 09. Pressurized water reactor 11 10. Boiling water reactor 12 11. Nuclear fission reaction 13 12. Chain reaction in Nuclear Power Plant 14 13. Nuclear waste management 15 14. Control of Nuclear reactor 16 15. Advantages of Nuclear reactors 17 16 . Dis advantages of Nuclear reactors 18

3. Basic of Nuclear power station A generating station in which nuclear energy is converted in to electrical energy is known as Nuclear power station. Selection of site for Nuclear Power Station: 1.Proximity to the load centre. 2.Availability of water. 3. Transportation facilities. 4.Radioactive waste disposal. 5.Distance from populated areas. 3

4. Structure of an atom: A matter is said to be composed of small particles called as atoms. The nucleus is at the centre of the atom and it consists of protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged and neutrons have no charge( i.e. electrically neutral).Since nucleus carries protons It is positively charged. Electrons revolve around the nucleus in elliptical orbits. Hence atom as a whole is electrically neutral during normal condition. If there is correct number of neutrons to balance number of protons present then the atom is stable Most of the world around us is made of stable atoms. 4

5. Fuels used in Nuclear Power Plants (a)Uranium is the fuel used in nuclear power plants. 1.Natural Uranium. 2.Enriched Uranium 3.Plutonium 4.Uranium oxide 5.Uranium carbide (b) Thorium :-It has low strength and poor resistance but it is costly so it is not much popular. 5

6. Enrichment of Uranium The process used to increase the percentage of U235 is known as enrichment. The chain reaction can be maintained in a better way with high percentage of U235. Following methods are used for enrichment:- Thermal diffusion method. Gaseous diffusion method. Centrifugal method. Electromagnetic method. 6

7. Nuclear Power Plant Block diagram 7

8. Nuclear Reactor 8

9. Nuclear reactor construction & working Sr No. Point to be discussed Sr No. Point to be discussed 01. Nuclear reactor 08. Turbine 02. Fuel 09. Condenser 03. Moderator 10 Feed water heater 04. Note 11. Reflector 05. Control rods 12. Coolant 06. Shielding 13. Reactor vessel. 07. Heat Exchanger 9

10. Types of Nuclear reactors Following are the types of nuclear reactors:- Pressurized water reactor(PWR). Boiling water reactor(BWR). Advanced gas cooled reactor. Fast Breeder reactor 10

11. Pressurized water reactor 11

12. Boiling water reactor 12

13. Nuclear fission reaction 13

14. Chain reaction in Nuclear Power Plant 14

15. Nuclear waste management Every part of a nuclear fuel cycle produces some radioactive waste The radioactive waste has to be handled and disposed properly.5% of the electricity generated is the cost utilized in nuclear waste management Classification of radioactive wastes based on the level of radioactivity or radiation. 1.Low level waste(LLW) 2.Intermediate level waste(ILW) 3.High Level Waste(HLW) 15

16. Control of Nuclear reactor Control of nuclear reactor is achieved by: 1.By using control rods. 2.Control through flow of coolant 16

17. Advantages of Nuclear reactors Following are the advantages: 1.Reduces the demand of coal, oil and gas. 2. Area occupied by nuclear power plant is less compared to other types 3. Location of power plant is independent of geographical factors. 4. Can be located near load centres. 5. Economical if bulk power is produced. 6.Operation is clean no ash and no toxic fumes etc. 7.Ensures reliability of operations. 17

18. Disadvantages of Nuclear reactors 1.Fuel required is readily not available. 2. High Capital cost. 3. The erection and commissioning is complicated and requires expertise. 4. Not suited for varying loads as the reactor does not respond efficiently to load variations. 5.The danger of radiation is always present and high safety standards are to be practised 6.Radioactive waste is harmful and disposal is always problematic. 7. High Maintenance charges. 8. Always danger of accident or terrorism when transporting nuclear fuel and nuclear waste. 9.Enrichment process is necessary for fuel processing and fabrication. 18

19. Thank You 19