topic 1. gp 2 Definition of terms in Bioethics And Professionalism. grp 2.pptx

Bioethics in research

1. Bioethics And Professionalism In Research TERMINOLOGIES GROUP TWO 1

2. GROUP MEMBERS Nana Yaw Wireko -Ampong- PG4585924 Che Eyen Larissa Audrey- PG4585724 Benedicta Adade Mawunyo- PG4586924 Prince George Acquah Jnr- PG4588324 Richard Dogbatse- PG4587224 2

3. Definitions Research: a systematic investigation and study of materials, sources, or data to establish facts, reach new conclusions, or develop theories. Ethics: a moral philosophy consisting values, norms and principles that governs an individual’s or group’s behavior To establish: justice, beneficence and autonomy. 3

4. Definitions Principles : fundamental truths or propositions . Norms : accepted standards of behaviour within a profession or culture . Code of Conduct : set of rules outlining the responsibilities and expected behavior of individuals or organizations, often based on ethical principles. 4

5. Definitions Research ethics : norms, values, institutional regulations set to constitute, regulate and govern scientific activity. Bioethics : focuses on ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine. Clinical Bioethics : an aspect of bioethics that addresses ethical dilemmas in healthcare practice, including patient autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality, end-of-life decisions, and resource allocation. 5

6. Definitions Vaccine Ethics : ethical issues surrounding vaccine development, distribution, and administration, including equity in access, mandatory vaccination policies, informed consent, and prioritization during pandemics. Universal Ethical Standards : fundamental moral principles that are applicable to all settings. 6

7. Definitions Profession : is a type of job governed by ethical standards that requires special education, training, or skill. Professional : a member of a profession; an individual who has expertise in a specific field and adheres to ethical standards. Professionalism : refers to the conduct, behavior, and attitudes expected of a professional. 7

8. Definitions Occupation : a person’s regular work or profession, particularly one that requires specific skills but may not necessarily involve formal qualifications or ethical codes. Biomedical Research : a field of science that involves the investigation of the biological processes through careful experimentation, observation, laboratory work, analysis, and testing. 8

9. Definitions Genomic research : involves the study of an organism’s complete set of DNA (genome), including gene interactions, mutations, and their implications for health, disease, and evolution. Genetic research : focuses on the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms, often to understand inherited diseases, traits, and evolutionary biology. 9

10. Definitions Collaborative Research : conducted jointly by multiple institutions, disciplines, or countries, often to pool expertise, resources, or data while ensuring transparency, authorship equity, and data sharing agreements. Pharmacovigilance : the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse drug reactions and other medicine-related risks to ensure the safe and effective use of medicines. 10

11. Definitions Clinical trials : Systematic research studies conducted in human participants to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and sometimes optimal dosing or comparative effectiveness of medical treatments, drugs, devices, or interventions. They are typically conducted in phases and follow strict regulatory and ethical guidelines to ensure participant protection and scientific validity. Biosafety: is the safe working practices associated with handling of biological materials, particularly infectious agents to prevent the unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their accidental release. 11

12. Definitions Animal care: refers to the responsible and human treatment of animals used in research, agriculture, or companionship, ensuring their welfare, proper housing, nutrition, and minimization of suffering. Research ethics committee : an independent body responsible for reviewing and approving research involving human participants to ensure ethical standards are met. their primary role is to protect the dignity, rights, safety, and well-being of research participants while maintaining scientific integrity. 12

13. References Jonsen, A. R., Siegler, M., & Winslade, W. J. (2010). Clinical Ethics: A Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Clinical Medicine (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Kale, G. V. and Jayanth, J. (2019). Introduction to Research. Research Methodology: A Practical and Scientific Approach , (July 2016):1–24. Engster , D. (2006). Care ethics and animal welfare . University of Wisconsin-Madison. Available at: https://uwethicsofcare.gws.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Engster-care-ethics-and-animal-welfare.pdf Heidari, S., Babor, T.F., De Castro, P., Tort, S. & Curno , M. (2016). Sex and gender equity in research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use. Research Integrity and Peer Review , 1(2). Available at: https://researchintegrityjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41073-016-0007-6 [Accessed 6 June 2025] 13

14. Thank you 14