TopicsonBS202MethodsofResearch080324 (5).pptx

Research methods are specific procedures for collecting and analyzing data. Developing your research methods is an integral part of your research design. When planning your methods, there are two key decisions you will make.

First, decide how you will collect data. Your methods depend on what type of data you need to answer your research question:

Qualitative vs. quantitative: Will your data take the form of words or numbers?
Primary vs. secondary: Will you collect original data yourself, or will you use data that has already been collected by someone else?
Descriptive vs. experimental: Will you take measurements of something as it is, or will you perform an experiment?
Second, decide how you will analyze the data.

For quantitative data, you can use statistical analysis methods to test relationships between variables.
For qualitative data, you can use methods such as thematic analysis to interpret patterns and meanings in the data.Methodology
Research methodology can be understood as a way to systemically solve or answer the research problem. Thus essentially, it can be understood as the process of studying how research is done in a scientific manner. Through the methodology, we study the various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his/her research problem and the underlying logic behind them. The selection of the research method is crucial for what conclusions you can make about a phenomenon. It affects what you can say about the cause and factors influencing the phenomenon.

Research methods
Research methods refers to the tools that one uses to do research. These can either be qualitative or quantitative or mixed. Quantitative methods examines numerical data and often requires the use of statistical tools to analyse data collected. This allows for the measurement of variables and relationships between them can then be established. This type of data can be represented using graphs and tables. Qualitative data is non-numerical and focuses on establishing patterns. Mixed methods are composed of both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Mixed methods allow for explanation of unexpected results.Research methods are different from research methodologies because they are the ways in which you will collect the data for your research project. The best method for your project largely depends on your topic, the type of data you will need, and the people or items from which you will be collecting data. The following boxes below contain a list of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research methods.


Quantitative Research Methods
Closed-ended questionnaires/survey: These types of questionnaires or surveys are like "multiple choice" tests, where participants must select from a list of premade answers. According to the content of the question, they must select the one that they agree with the most. This approach is the simplest form of quantitative research because the data is easy to combine and quantify.


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1. BS 202: Methods of Research BY DR.ALICIA F.APRECIO Instructor

2. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 1: Characteristics of Research Angelica Docot Aug 17,2024 Values of Research to Man Qualities of a Good Researcher Characteristics of a Researcher Characteristics of Research Exercises

3. TOPICS REPORTER DATE 5. Kinds of Research 6. Classification of Research 7. The Variable 8. Kinds of Variable Exercises Meriam Carbonell August 24, 2024

4. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 2: Research Problem and Hypothesis Research Problem Characteristics of a Research Problem Sources of Research Problem Criteria of a Good Research Problem Exercises Dianne Refuerzo Aug 31, 2024

5. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 2: Research Problem and Hypothesis 5. Hypothesis 6. Types of Hypothesis 7. Null Hypothesis - Rejection and Acceptance of Null Hypothesis - Rejection of H and Interpretation - Acceptance of H and Interpretation 8. Alternative Hypothesis (H1) Exercises September 7, 2024

6. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 2: Research Problem and Hypothesis 9. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework 10. Assumptions Significance of the Study 11. Scope and Limitations of the Study 12. Definition of Terms Exercises MARK JUSTIN GUNDRAN September 14, 2024

7. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 3: Related Literature Review Related Legal Basis Related Literature Related Studies Foreign Studies Local Studies Exercises RIZALYN P AWANGAN September 21, 2024

8. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 4: Research Methods Historical Method - Uses of Historical Research - Major Steps of Historical Research - Sources of Historical Research - Primary Sources - Secondary Sources 2. Descriptive Method Types of Descriptive Research - Descriptive Survey - Descriptive Normative Survey Angelica Jacaban September 28, 2024

9. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 4: Research Methods - Descriptive Status - Descriptive Analysis - Descriptive Classification - Descriptive Evaluative - Descriptive Comparative - Correlational Survey - Longitudinal Survey Angelica Jacaban September 28, 2024

10. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 4: Research Methods 3. Experimental Method - Types of Experimental Research - Single Group Design - Two-Group Design - Two-Pair Group Design - Three Group Design - Parallel Group Design - Counterbalanced or Latin Square Design - Complete Randomized Design - Randomized Complete Block Design - Correlational Design 4. Case Study Design - The Cycle of the Case Study Exercises JOE LUIS October 5, 2024

11. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 5: Qualities of Good Research Instrument 1. Validity - Types of Validity - Content Validity - Concurrent Validity - Predictive Validity - Construct Validity 2. Reliability - Methods in Testing Reliability - Test-retest Method - Interpretation of Correlation - Parallel Forms Method - Correlation with the use of Computer ROXANE SALTING October 12, 2024

12. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 5: Qualities of Good Research Instrument - Split Half Method - Internal Consistency Method - Variance and Mean with the use of Computer - Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 Computation ROXANE SALTING October 19, 2024

13. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 5: Qualities of Good Research Instrument 3. Practicability - Factors that Determine Practicability * Ease of Administration * Ease of Scoring * Ease of Interpretation and Application * Low Cost * Proper Mechanical Make Up 4. Justness 5. Morality 6. Honesty Exercises ROXANE SALTING October 26, 2024

14. TOPICS REPORTER (2-3) DATE Chapter 6: Sampling Designs Benefits of Sampling Limitations of Sampling Planning a Sample Survey Determination of Sample Size Sampling Designs - Scientific Sampling * Restricted Random Sampling * Unrestricted Random Sampling * Stratified Random Sampling * Systematic Random Sampling * Multistage Sampling * Cluster Sampling - Non Scientific Sampling * Purposive Sampling * Incidental Sampling * Quota Sampling Exercises November 9, 2024

15. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 7: Data Processing, Statistical Treatment, Analysis and Interpretation Data Processing Statistical Treatment Data Matrix Data Analysis Exercises November 16,2024

16. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 8: Presentation of Data Using Computer Presentation of Data A. Textual Form B. Bar Chart Using Computer C. Kinds of Graph or Chart D. Line Chart or Line Graph E. Circle Graph or Pie Graph F. Pictograph Exercises MARY ROSE B.MAPILI November 23, 2024

17. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 9: Thesis Proposal Writing Writing Requirements Parts of a Thesis Proposal Title Statement of the Problem Hypotheses Theoretical/Conceptual Framework Significance of the Study Scope and Limitations of the Study Definition of Terms Judy Galace November 30, 2024 Related Literature Related Legal Basis Related Literature Related Studies Justification of the Proposed Study

18. TOPICS REPORTER DATE METHODOLOGY Research Design Determination of Sample Size Sampling Design and Technique Research Instrument Validation of Research Instrument Data Gathering Procedure Data Processing Method Statistical Treatment QUENIE RAQUEL FANGON DEC 14, 2024 BIBLIOGRAPHY Functions of Bibliography Bibliography Unscientific Bibliography APPENDIX CURRICULUM VITAE QUENIE RAQUEL FANGON DEC 14, 2024

19. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Experimental Design Materials and Methods Research Method Materials Equipment and Utensils Procedure Evaluation of the Products Statistical Treatment Schedule of Activities References Appendix Curriculum Vitae December 14, 2024 Chapter 10: Thesis Writing Preliminaries of Thesis Writing Title Page Approval Sheet Acknowledgements Contents Tables Abstract

20. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Parts of a Thesis The Preliminaries CHAPTER 1 : THE PROBLEM: RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND Statement of the Problem Hypothesis Theoretical/Conceptual Framework Significance of the Study Scope and Limitations of the Study Definition of Terms General Organization and Coverage of the Study DEC 14, 2024 CHAPTER 2: RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY CHAPTER 4 : MATERIALS AND METHODS CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CHAPTER 6: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES APPENDIX CURRICULUM VITAE

21. TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 11: Form and Style in Thesis Writing Text of Research Paper, Thesis and Dissertation Chapter Headings Middle Heading Documentation of Research Paper, Thesis, Dissertation Notes Difference Among Bibliography, References and Literature Cited BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES LITERATURE CITED APPENDICES INDEX DEC 14, 2024

22. REQUIREMENTS: ATTENDANCE REPORTING ASSESSMENTS – EXERCISES, EXAMINATIONS PERFORMANCE TASKS RESEARCHES OTHERS

23. Schedule of Reporting TOPICS REPORTER DATE Chapter 1: Characteristics of Research Angelica Docot Aug 17,2024

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33. REFERENCES Research and Thesis Writing with Statistics Computer Application Laurentina Paler- Calmorin , PhD. Revised edition, 2016, Rex Book Store 2.

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