Total protein test,tucom first year lectures of practical biochemistry .pdf

tucom first year lectures of practical biochemistry

1. TOTAL PROTEIN
Lecturer.YousifKhalid Hameed
Lecturer. OmeedAkbar Ali
Biochemistry Lab.

2. Total protein test
Thetotalproteintestmeasuresyouralbuminandglobulin
levels.Albuminandglobulinaretwotypesofproteinin
yourbody.Thetotalproteintestisoftendoneaspartof
yourregularphysicalcheckup.Itmayalsobeusedifyou
haveunexpectedweightloss,fatigue,orthesymptomsof
akidneyorliverdisease.
Othernames:totalserumprotein,TPalbumin/globulin
ratio,Highlevelsmaymeanyouhaveinflammationor
infection.Lowlevelsmaysuggestkidneyproblems,
malnutrition,andseveralotherpossibleconditions.

3. Total protein test
Atotalproteinandalbumin/globulin(A/G)ratiotest
measurestwomajortypesofproteinintheblood:
Albumin,whichhelpskeepbloodfromleakingoutof
bloodvessels.Italsohelpsmovehormones,medicines,
vitamins,andotherimportantsubstancesthroughoutthe
body.Albuminismadeintheliver.
Globulins,whichhelpfightinfectionandmovenutrients
throughoutthebody.Someglobulinsaremadebythe
liver.Othersaremadebytheimmunesystem.

4. Indication
AtotalproteinandA/Gratiotestisoftenincludedaspart
ofacomprehensivemetabolicpanel(CMP),atestthat
measuresproteinsandothersubstancesintheblood.
needthistestifyouhavesymptomsthatindicate
abnormalproteinlevels.Theseinclude:
Swellinginthefeet,ankles,legs,and/orabdomen,which
iscausedbyextrafluidinyourtissues
Fatigue
Unexplainedweightloss
Lossofappetite

5. Nausea and vomiting
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). This is a common
symptom of liver disease.
Blood in the urine, a common symptom of kidney disease

6. Normal value
the normal range for total protein is between 6 and 8.3
grams per deciliter (g/dL). This range may vary slightly
among laboratories. These ranges are also due to other
factorssuch as:
age
gender
population
Test method
pregnancy

7. Elevated total protein may indicate:
inflammationorinfections,suchasviralhepatitisBorC,
orHIV.
bonemarrowdisorders,suchasmultiplemyelomaor
Waldenstrom’sdisease.

8. Low total protein may indicate:
•bleeding
•liverdisorder
•kidneydisorder,suchasanephroticdisorderor
glomerulonephritis
•malnutrition
•malabsorption
•extensiveburns
•agammaglobulinemia,whichisaninheritedconditionin
whichblooddoesn’thaveenoughofatypeofglobulin,
affectingthestrengthofyourimmunesystem
•Inflammatoryconditions
•delayedpost-surgeryrecovery

9. Albumin to globulin A/G ratio
•Normally,the(albumintoglobulin)A/Gratioisslightly
higherthan1.Iftheratioistoolowortoohigh,additional
testingmustbedonetodeterminethecauseand
diagnosis..
A high A/G ratio can
indicate:
A low A/G ratio can
indicate:
Certain types of genetic
disorders
autoimmune disease
Leukemiamultiple myeloma
cirrhosis
kidney disease

10. Albumin levels
High albumin levels may be a sign
of:
Low albumin levels may be a sign
of:
Severe dehydrationLiver disease, including cirrhosis
DiarrheaKidney disease
Malnutrition
Thyroid disease
A normal albumin range is 3.4 to 5.4 g/dL.

11. globulin levels
A normal Globulin range is 2.0 to 3.5 g/dL.
High globulin levels may be a
sign of:
Low globulin levels may be a
sign of:
Certain types of blood cancers,
such as leukemia
Liver disease
Hemolytic anemiaKidney disease
autoimmune disease, rheumatoid
arthritis
Tuberculosis

12. Medications
•Steroids
•androgens
•corticosteroids
•dextran
•growth hormone
•insulin
•phenazopyridine
•progesterone
•estrogen
•birth control pills

13. Test preparation
•The test don’t need to make
any special preparations
before the test is done. The
doctor will tell the patient to
avoid special food or drinks
before the test.
•Manymedicationscanaffect
•thetotalproteintestresults.

14. Procedure
•1 . Bring reagents and samples to room temperature.
••Wavelength 550 .... nm
••Cuvette ……….1 cm Light path
••Temperature…....37 C
•2 . Pipette into labeled tubes:Tubes Blank Sample Standard
R1.(Monoreagent)(mL) 1.0 mL 1.0 mL 1.0 mL
Sample (µL) - 20 µL -
Standard (µL) - - 20 µL

15. Procedure
•3.Mix and let the tubes stand for 10 minutes at room
temperature or 5 minutes at 37°C.
•4 .Read the absorbance (A) of the samples and the
standard against the reagent blank.
•Results & Calculation
•A Sample / A Standard X C Standard = mg/dL Total
Protein