Trachial respiration in insects

THE PPT CONTAIN GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO  Respiratory system.
 Components of respiratory system
 spiracles, trachea, tracheoles, air sacs.
 Number and arrangement of spiracles in insect.
• Holopneustic respiratory system
• Hemipneustic respiratory system
• Peripneustic respiratory system
• Amphipheustic respiratory system
• Propneustic respiratory system
• Metapneustic respiratory system
• Apneustic respiratory system
 Function of the respiratory system.
restrial insects

1. Respiration in terrestrial insects

2. # Synopsis Respiratory system. Components of respiratory system spiracles , trachea, tracheoles, air sacs. Number and arrangement of spiracles in insect . Holopneustic respiratory system Hemipneustic respiratory system Peripneustic respiratory system Amphipheustic respiratory system Propneustic respiratory system Metapneustic respiratory system Apneustic respiratory system Function of the respiratory system.

3. Respiratory system Allow 02 to body for cellular respiration. Remove carbon dioxide from cells. Respiratory system of insect are developed from ectoderm. All insects are aerobic organisms. They got oxygen directly from environment. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + ENERGY

4. # Components of respiratory system Spiracles. Trachea. Tracheoles. Air sacs.

5. Air enters into body through tiny holes called as spiracles It is used to avoid water loss. A cavity atrium or entrance is present. Air passage is controlled valves. Surrounded by peritreme . Spiracles

6. S piracles

7. Elastic in nature. Cuticular pipe like apparatus. Thick helical and thread like taenidia (give flexibility). Filled with air shows silvery appearance Ectodermal In origin. Trachea

8. Tracheoles The network of trachea. Diameter less than 1 micro m. Gaseous exchange occurs across tracheols . Lie within each cell. Its lining not shed down on molting

9. .

10. Tracheae are expanded in many parts to make thin walled, collapsible structure balloon like structure act as oxygen reservoir. Shiny white vesicle, filled with air. Assist flight by reducing gravity of insects. Sound resonator of tympanic membrane. Heat insulations. Air-sacs

11. Mechanism of respiration There are two phases in transport of gases- One through the tracheal system known as air tube transport. One through the tissues in solution in the cytoplasm, known as tissue diffusion.

12. Air tube transport

13. Diffusion Net movements of atoms or molecules from high concentration to low concentration is known as diffusion. Rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight of the gas, so that in air, oxygen, with a molecular weight of 32,diffuses 1.2 times faster than carbon dioxide, with a molecular weight of 44. Due to its greater solubility, the permeability constant of carbon dioxide in the tissues is 36 times greater than that for oxygen.

14. Types of respiratory system David Keilin a scientist of UK in (1944) classified respiratory system of insects on the basis of the number and distribution of the functional spiracles are- Holopneustic respiratory system- - 8 pair of spiracles on first 8 abdominal segments. - 2 pairs found on metathorax and pro or mesothorax. ex-Dipterans and hymenopterans.

15. Hemipneustic respiratory system- - 10 pair of spiracles present ; one or two pairs are non- functional. ex- common insect larva. Peripneustic respiratory system- -spiracles on abdomen and prothorax open meta thorax are close Ex- Neuroptera , Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera.

16. Amphineustic respiratory system- -only 2 pairs of spiracles are open on prothorax posterior abdominal segment. ex- Dipteran’s larva. Propneustic respiratory system- - only one pair of prothoracic spiracle is functional. ex- most rare and found in some pupae of dipteran family.

17. Metapneustic respiratory system- -last abdominal spiracles is pair is fuctional . ex- 1 st larval instars of aquatic coleopteran family Culicidae . Apneustic respiratory system- - all spiracles are closed. - respiration takes place through gills and general body surface ex- Naiad of Mayfly, Nymph of Ephemeroptera , odonata and many endo parasites. (hymenoptera)

18. Functions of the respiratory system. Provide the cells and tissues with oxygen. To eliminate carbon dioxide a product of respiration. Hemolymph circulation. Act as connective tissues and binds the organ together. Air sacs allow growth of the body. Air sacs also mhelp as heat insulators and to maintain body temperature Tracheoles involves in ligt emission in the fire flis . Tracheal system involves in sound production in Gromphodorrhina ( Blattodea ) by forcing air through the spiracles.

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