Tractors & its systems lec-4 fmp211.pptx

Tractors & its systems

1. Tractors & its systems FMP - 211 Lecture - 4 Er.A.Sivarajan Assistant Professor Department of Agriculture Engineering C A T Theni E-mail : sivamalai17 @gmail.com

2. Introduction TRACTOR is a word which is derived from TRACTION and MOTOR . Tractor is a vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction

3. Requirements of Tractor It should withstand load when tractor is working in field with implements in uneven fields . It should have a provision for running other stationary machines like Threshers, Fertilizer, Sprayers etc. that is it should have PTO shaft arrangement. It should have suitable hydraulic system for handling implements or equipments.

4. Development of Tractor YEAR INVENTION INVENTOR 1890 The word tractor is appeared and invention of tractor engine George H. Harris 1906 Gasoline tractor was introduced Charles W.Hart & H.Parr 1908 First winnipeg tractor trials were held - 1911 First Winnipeg tractor trials were held - 1920-1924 All purpose tractor was introduced - 1936-1937 Diesel engine was used in tractor - 1960-1961 First started manufacturing tractor in india M/ S.Eicher Good Earth

5. Year Invention 1 97 1 Escort Tractor Ltd. Started Producing Ford Tractor 1 97 3 Manufacture Of Hmt Tractor Was Started 1 97 4 Pitti And Kirlosker Tractors Were Started 1 97 5 Harsha Tractors Were Established 1 98 1 Auto Tractor Was Started 1 98 2 Universal Tractors Were Established 1983-2003 Gtcl Tractors, M.M.Tractors,sonalika , L&t , Ptl , Bajaj Tractors Are Introduced Development of Tractor

6. Classification Tractors are classified in Two different ways 1. Type of construction a . Track type b . Wheel type 2. The purpose for what it is used

7. 1.Type of construction Tractor in which driver can sit and drive Tractor with which the operator walks along

8. a. Track type In such tractors there is endless chain or track in place of pneumatic wheels

9. b. Wheel type

10. c. walking type tractor - Power tiller Usually fitted with two wheels only

11. 2. The purpose for what it is used 1.Utility Tractor 2.Row crop Tractor 3.Orchard Tractor 4.Industrial Tractor 5.Garden Tractor 6.Rotary Tractor 7.Implement Carrier 8.Earth Moving Tractor

12. It is used for row crop cultivation. It has high ground clearance to save damage of crops. Wide wheel track can be adjusted to suit inter row distance Row crop tractors

13. Orchard Tractor These are made very height in height so that while sitting on the tractor fruits can easily plucked from the trees or trees can be trimmed .

14. General purpose tractor It is used for major farm operations such as ploughing, sowing, harvesting and transporting works.

15. Earth Moving Tractors These are heavy in weight and strongly built available both in track and tire type. Used for earth moving work on dams, quarries and other constructional works.

16. Industrial Type Tractor They are used for pulling loads or fitted with crane boom for lifting loads.

17. Garden Tractor These are very small in construction . Used for grass cutting or making flower beds in the garden

18. SELECTION OF TRACTOR 1.Land holding : one tractor 20-25 hp is suitable for 40 hectare farm 2.Cropping pattern: 3.Soil condition: 4.Climatic condition: hot zone and desert area -- air cooled engines higher altitude area -- air cooled engines 5.Repair facilities: 6.Running cost: 7.Initial cost and resale value: 8.Test report:

19. Components 1. I.C Engine 2. Clutch 3. Transmission gears 4. Differential unit 5. Final drive 6. Rear wheel 7. Front wheels 8. Steering mechanism 9. Hydraulic control and hitch system 10. Brakes 11. Power-take-off unit 12. Tractor pulley 13. Draw bar 14. Control panel

20. 1. I.C Engine Internal combustion of suitable horse power is used as a prime mover in a tractor. Engines ranging from 8 to 200 hp are used in agricultural tractors. In India , four wheel tractors = 25-80 hp. Walking type tractors = 8-12 hp engines 2. Clutch To connect and disconnect the tractor engine from the transmission gears and drive wheels. Clutch transmits power by means of friction between driving members and driven members

21. 4. Transmission gears A tractor runs at high speed, but the rear wheel of the tractor requires power at low speed and high torque. That’s why it becomes essential to reduce the engine speed and increase the torque available at the rear wheel of the tractor

22. 3. power transmission system of a tractor Transmission is a speed reducing mechanism, equipped with several gears . It may be called a sequence of gears and shafts, through which the engine power is transmitted to the tractor wheels. W hich cause forward and backward movement of tractor to suit different field conditions. The complete path of power from engine to wheel is called power train

23. Power Transmission System

24. Power Transmission System

25. Power Transmission System

26. Functions of power transmission system 1. To transmit power from the engine to the rear wheels of the tractor 2. To make reduced speed available , to rear wheels of the tractor 3. To alter the ratio of wheel speed and engine speed in order to suit the field conditions 4. To transmit power through right angle drive , because the crankshaft and rear axle are normally at right angles to each other. The power transmission system consists of 1. Clutch 2. Transmission gears 3. Differential 4. Final drive 5. Rear axle 6. Rear wheels

27. 4. Transmission gears A tractor runs at high speed, but the rear wheel of the tractor requires power at low speed and high torque. That’s why it becomes essential to reduce the engine speed and increase the torque available at the rear wheel of the tractor If engine power is constant , it is obvious that for higher torque at wheels , low speed is required and vice versa..

28. 4. Transmission gears A tractor runs at high speed, but the rear wheel of the tractor requires power at low speed and high torque. That’s why it becomes essential to reduce the engine speed and increase the torque available at the rear wheel of the tractor

29. 4. Transmission gears A tractor runs at high speed, but the rear wheel of the tractor requires power at low speed and high torque. That’s why it becomes essential to reduce the engine speed and increase the torque available at the rear wheel of the tractor

30. 4. Transmission gears

31. 5. Differential unit It is a special arrangement of gears to permit one of the rear wheels of the tractor to rotate slower or faster than the other. While turning the tractor on a curved path, the inner wheel has to travel lesser distance than the outer wheel. The inner wheel requires lesser power than the outer wheel.

32. 5. Differential unit It is a special arrangement of gears to permit one of the rear wheels of the tractor to rotate slower or faster than the other. While turning the tractor on a curved path, the inner wheel has to travel lesser distance than the outer wheel. The inner wheel requires lesser power than the outer wheel.

33. 5. Differential unit It is a special arrangement of gears to permit one of the rear wheels of the tractor to rotate slower or faster than the other. While turning the tractor on a curved path, the inner wheel has to travel lesser distance than the outer wheel. The inner wheel requires lesser power than the outer wheel.

34. 6 . Differential lock Differential lock is a device to join both half axles of the tractor so that even if one wheel is less resistance , the tractor comes out of the mud etc. as both wheels move with the same speed and apply equal traction.

35. 7 . Final drive It is a gear reduction unit in the power trains between differentials and drive wheels. Final drive transmits the power finally to the rear axle and the wheels. The device for final speed reduction, suitable for tractor rear wheels is known as final drive mechanism.

36. 8 . Steering mechanism The system, governing the angular movement of front wheels of a tractor is called steering system. To turn the front wheels either right side or left side so that tractor turns right or left.

37. 9 . Hydraulic control system It is a mechanism in a tractor to raise , hold or lower the mounted implement or semi mounted equipments by hydraulic means. This system for operating three point hitch of the tractor. Hydraulic system works on PASCAL’s Law

38. 9 . Hydraulic control system It is a mechanism in a tractor to raise , hold or lower the mounted implement or semi mounted equipments by hydraulic means. This system for operating three point hitch of the tractor. Hydraulic system works on PASCAL’s Law

39. 10 . Brakes Brake is used to stop or slow down the motion of the tractor. It is mounted on the driving axle and operated by two independent pedals. Each pedal can be operated independently to assist the turning of tractor during field work or locked together by means of a lock. Types of brakes a) Mechanical brake b) hydraulic brake

40. 10 . Brakes hydraulic brake Mechanical brake

41. 11. Power take off It consists of a shaft, a shield and a cover. The shaft is externally splined to transmit tortional power to another machine. As per ASAE standards PTO speed is 540+ 10 rpm when operating under load. In order to operate 1000 rpm PTO drive machine, a new standard has been developed. PTO drive

42. 12. Control board or dash board 1. Main switch 2. Throttle lever 3. Decompression lever 4. Hour meter 5. Light switch 6. Horn button 7. Battery charger indicator 8. Oil pressure indicator 9. Water temperature gauge