Traditional fishing Craft of India by Ashish sahu

Fishing crafts are most essential for catching the fish in large scale in water bodies. A large variety of crafts (boats) have been designed for marine and inland fishing in India. The types of fishing crafts of India falls under two general categories. These are Non –mechanized and mechanized fishing crafts.
Based on the topographical variations and difference in habits and habitats of fishing, different types of crafts and gears are used in various inland water system of India. The simplest and most primitive types of craft used for fishing in inland water are the rafts and songas, operated in calm water. In the larger rivers and estuaries subject to strong current and tidal movement, sturdier plank boats are used.

Definition
Fishing vessel is a floating device used for fishing activities like, fishing, fish transportation, Research and training purpose.

1. Ashish sahu COLLEGE OF FISHERIES Seminar on Traditional fishing craft of India

2. content Introduction Definition Development of fishing craft. Terminology of fishing craft. Classification of fishing craft. Traditional fishing craft of India. Fishing craft of Indian reservoirs. Reference

3. Introduction Fishing craft are most essential for catching the fish in large scale in water bodies A large variety of crafts (boats) have been designed for marine and inland fishing in India . Catamaran is from a Tamil word kattumaram Kattu means- Binding ,maram means-Wood This is mostly used for fishing in river and reservoirs ,catamaran is primitive type for craft .

4. Definition Fishing vessel is a floating device used for fishing activities like, fishing, fish transportation, Research and training purpose. Development of fishing Craft .18 th century use in wood boat ( Britain ) 1878 -first steel boat 1890 -use in aluminum boat ( France) 1940- Ferro cement fishing vessel ( France ) 1968- FRP use in India It consists of several tree trunks tied together with strings. This type of boat is called “CATAMARAN

5. Limitation of indigenous craft  Cannot possible for go to deep water  It is not possible to catch large quantities of fish  It increases the cost of fish  Propulsion by wind or oar – speed is less  Limited carrying capacity  Requires good weather conditions  No proper preservation facilities  No facilities for crews for cooking and sleeping etc.

6. Powers used for the propulsion of fishing craft   Manual power Wing power Mechanical power Advantages of mechanized craft Mechanical propulsion – Higher speed, shorter time to reach the fishing grounds. Fish holds with preservation facilities. There will be safety and good working environment. Possibilities of bulk catching

7. Moulded base line - A horizontal fore and aft reference line for vertical measurements. Sterm - Forwart end of the ship which is connected at the lower end of the keel. Stern - After end of the ship the farthest distant part from the stem. Length over all - Extreme length of a vessel measured from the foremost point of stem to the aftermost point of the stern. Length between perpendicular(LBP ) - This is the horizontal distance between the forward and aft perpendiculars . Waterline - A term used to describe a line drawn parallel to the moulded baseline and at a certain height above it. Depth - this is the vertical distance between the moulded base line and top of the beams of uppermost continuous deck. Breadth –side to side measurement of a vessel at any given place . Keel :- A centre line strength members running fore and aft along the bottom of ship and often referred to as the backbone Sheer : This is the curvature given to the decks in the longitudinal direction . Beam ;- Width of the ship at the widest point .

8. Traditional fishing crafts of India Fishing boats of Gujarat 1 - Haler machwa  Length varies from 8-10 m  Open boat except for short decking in the fore and aft.  Tall mast carries on large lateen sail of Arab pattern  It is used for gillnet fishing . Location jamnagar district - Haler machwa 4 - Dugout canoe  Double – ended round bottom boat  Length varies from 5-9 m, breadth 60-90 cm and depth 60-68 cm  Small sail raised on a wooden mast  Used for gill netting Ended boat Stern Keel Stem Bow Deck Hull

9. 2 - Porbandar machwa  Length varies from 6-8 m  Square stern and raked stem  Used for gill net fishing jamnagar location 3 - Cambay machwa Raked stern  Undecked except for short length at stern  Truncated stern with a slight rake Location in Gulf of Cambay Cambay machwa Bow Hull Keel Stem Stern Rope

10. Fishing boats of Maharashtra 1 Bombay machwa (Karanja boat)  Length 15 m, breadth 3-5 m and depth 1 m  . The actual keel is short in relation to the overall length.  There are two masts, sails are of lateen type. Bombay machwa 2- Versova boat ( Hoda )  Arched keel, round stern and deep fore foot  Aft deck is present but no fore deck  Used for operation of dol nets. - Versova boat Deck Water line Stem Stern Bow Stem Boom Hull Portside Stern

11. . 3 - Rathnagiri machwa  Length 10 m, breadth 3 m and depth 1.15 m  Broad beam, long over hanging bow, round stern and raked stem post  Open boat with low free board, single mast lateen sail  Used for deep sea gill net fishing Rathnagiri machwa Bow Hull Water line Mast Stern Stem Rope Boom

12. 4 . Rampini boat  Length about 16 m  Narrow keel, stem and stern  No mast is carried as the boat is rowed  Used for operation of Rampini nets Rampini boat Fishing boats of Goa The traditional fishing craft of Goa are dugout canoes and planked boats with large out riggers. There is a rudimentary keel in the dugouts. The size of the boat varies from 7-8 m. Stern Hull Stem Portside

13. Fishing boats of Karnataka Rampini boats are popular in Northern Karnataka and dugout in Southern Karnataka. Fishing boats of Kerala  Dugout  Plank buil t canoe  Raft Catamaran Raft catamaran ( Chalatadi )  It is constructed by tying 3-5 logs of soft wood with coir ropes  Propelled by split bamboo oars and sails  Used in pairs to operate boat seines an d individually to operate gill nets and long lines Raft catamaran Wood Logs

14. Fishing boats of Tamil Nadu 1 - Boat catamaran  It is made of three logs, the centre one fitted at a lower level than the other two giving it a boat  The logs are held by means of two blocks of wood on either end and secured by coir ropes  Size varies from 6.5 – 7.5 m  Small triangular sail is used  Normally operated in pairs for boat seiners Boat catamaran Bow Stem Sail Hull Stern

15. Fishing boats of Orissa 1 - Bar boat  It measured 8 m long and 2.5 m broad  Similar to masula type  No ribs or frames and planks are stitched with coir ropes Bar boat Half decked Sail Bow Water line

16. Fishing boats of West Bengal 1 - Batchari boat  It measures 13.5 m x 1.3 m x 0.5 m  They are partly decked without keel  Propelled by sails and oars  Used for drift net, bag net, dip net etc . Batchari boat 2 - Chot boat  It measures 10.2 x 2.5 x 1.1 m  Mostly propelled by oars though it carries a sprit sail  There is only a loose decking of split bamboo rods  Used for seine nets and bag nets Rope Sail Stern Hull Keel Bow Chot boat Bow Stern Hull Keel

17. Fishing boats of Lakshadweep Islands 1 - Raft ( Kathufathi )  5-6 logs are tied into raft by means of two coconut poles and fastened by coir ropes  Propulsion is by paddles  Used for hook and line operation. Fishing craft of Uttar Pradesh 1 - Tin boats  Size range from 3.5m-6.0 m.  Flat bottom  Common in the reservoirs of Uttar Pradesh ,Bihar and Rajasthan Raft ( Kathufathi ) Tin boats Oar Hull Hook Bamboo Log

18. Fishing craft of Indian reservoirs Coracle - These are dominant in the reservoirs of south India like Tungabhadra (Karnataka) Mettur (Tamil Nadu ) and Nagarjuna Sagar (Andhra Pradesh ) their main features are  Large wide mouthed circular flat bottomed basket .  It measures about 4 meter in diameter at the mouth the bottom being smaller  Use for operation of gill nets , shore seines and long lines. C-oracle Oars Rope Wood

19. Inflated rubber tubes  Thry are found in operation in Hussain Sagar reservoirs and reservoir of Bhilwara district of Rajasthan, Dugouts  Small dugout canoes are operated in the reservoirs Madhya Pradesh ,Tamil Nadu, Bihar , Manipur and Tripura Inflated rubber tubes Hook Inside rubber

20. Reference Fishing gear and craft technology (Y. Sree krishna and Latha Shenoy ) page No. (148-181) Fisheries and aquatic resources in India By (Dr. A.D. Dholakia ) page No. 358 – 380 Publication Date 1Jan 2004 An Introduction to fishes by – Dr. S.S. Khanna , Dr. Neerja Kapoor Fifth edition Page No. 461 -462 Fifth Edition vikaspedia.in fisheries craft image Download