Training in Grapes.pptx

Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.

1. Training in Grapes Course : Production tech. for fruits & plantation crops (HRT-224) Assignment submitted by : Syed inam ul haq (88 /Ag/18) Assignment submitted to : Dr. Khalid Rasool dar

2. Introduction Botanical Name : Vitis vinifera Botabical Classification : • Kingdom – Plantae • Division – Magnoliophyta • Class – Magnoliopsida • Order – Vitales • Family – Vitaceae • Genus – Vitis L.

3. Training of Grape Vines Training is an important operation in grapes. It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting. Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.

4. Bower System This system was commonly used in ancient times Owinh to high productive potential. It is highly suited for vigorous varieties like ; Anab-e-Shahi, Bangalore Blue and Gulabi. Provides a desirable microclimate in the vine canopy and reduces the adverse effects of arid and hot weather on vine metabolism and life.

5. Bower System

6. Telephone System This system is suitable for moderately vigorous varieties with more apical dominance. It is an improvement over ‘bower’ system with respect to ventilation and light penetration. It is relatively less expensive than ‘bower’, and facilitates mechanised spraying and many other cultural operations. However yields in this system are less as compared to the ‘bower’ system due to less number of canes per unit area.

7. Telephone System

8. Two arm & Four arm Kniffin System In this method, the vine is allowed to put forth a single shoot which is trained erect and tipped at a height of about 45 cm from the ground level. Only three shoots are allowed to grow from this point, all others being removed. Two of the retained shoots are trained horizontally and the remaining is trained vertically to a height of another 60 cm. It is tipped again to produce two more shoots, which are trained horizontally. All the four horizontal arms are supported by bamboo poles or wire tied horizontally to posts fixed at regular intervals of 3 mtrs.

9. Two arm & Four Arm Kniffin System Primary laterals are allowed to develop from these four main arms at fairly regular intervals and these are pruned to produce the crop every season.