Transgenic animals

This presentation gives a comprehensive detail of transgenic animal, processes involve in the production of transgenic animal and also highlights several benefits of transgenic animal

1. Applications of Transgenic Animals Ahmed Madni MS Research Scholar

2. What is Transgenic Animal? Animals, which are modified with insertion of foreign gene into their genomes for developing the desired characteristics This method is performed for the improvement of genetic traits of the target animal Transgenic animals can be very effective for the production of various organs, growth hormones and useful proteins for humans 2

3. Transgenesis is a process in which a foreign gene with desired characteristics is introduced into the genome of the target animal The foreign gene that is introduced is known as the transgene, and the animal whose genome is altered is known as transgenic. These genes are passed on to the next and successive generations Transgenesis 3

4. There are three methods are used for production of transgenic animals Microinjection Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer Embryonic Stem cell-mediated gene transfer Methods Used in Production of Transgenic Animals 4

5. 1. Microinjection In this method, the desired gene construct is transferred from other member of same specie or different species into the pro-nucleus of reproductive cell The manipulate cell is cultured in lab ( in vitro condition) and play a role for developing embryonic phase and then transferred to the recipient female The first successful DNA microinjection was carried in mouse 5

6. 1. Microinjection 6

7. Retrovirus is the virus that has the ability to carry its genetic material in the form RNA rather than DNA In this method, the retrovirus is used as the vector for the transfer of genetic material into the host cell 2. Retrovirus-mediated Gene Transfer 7

8. 2. Retrovirus-mediated Gene Transfer 8

9. In this method, the totipotent s tem cell (that have the ability of proliferation) is isolated from the embryos The gene of interest is then inserted into the stem cells The cells that contains the desired DNA is incorporated into the host cells embryo This whole process will results in chimeric animals that requires live transgenic offspring for testing the desired transgene presence 3. Embryonic Stem Cell-mediated Gene Transfer 9

10. 3. Embryonic Stem Cell-mediated Gene Transfer 10

11. Increased amount of milk, meat, insulin , haemoglobulin , etc Such animals also promotes the study of gene regulation and the their effect on routinely functions of the body Applications of Transgenic Animals 11

12. In: Agriculture In livestock, when the transgenic animals start breeding with normal animals, the generation produced from these animals contains the healthy organs milk and meat Transgenic techniques made possible the quick production of animals while the conventional methods of animals breeding is time taking 12

13. In: Agriculture 13

14. Transgenic sheep armed with genes in­volved in cysteine synthesis from dietary serine exhibited significant positive effect on wool production In: Agriculture 14

15. Various heterologous protein has been pro­duced in the milk of pigs using cDNA encoding human protein for production of functional human haemoglobulin Similarly , a heterologous protein, such as a variant of human tissue plasminogen activator has also been produced in goat which is being used in patient suffering from thrombosis, for dissolving blood clots In: Agriculture 15

16. Transgenic animals are used as model organisms for checking and testing the safety of before their injection into the humans In: Medicine 16

17. Transgenic animals are also used for testing of drugs or to undertake studies which is always not possible on human beings In: Medicine 17

18. Transgenic animals are mostly designed for studying the role of genes in the development of many diseases To cure and relief from these diseases, transgenic animals are used for model organisms and they also helps in research for the development of medicine For example, transgenic models for diseases like cancer and Alzheimer’s In: Medicine 18

19. Transgenic animal helps in Xenotransplantation Patients die every year due to lack of transplant organs like liver, heart and kidney Transgenic pigs helps to resolve such problem, they provide the transplant organs to overcome this problem In Xenotransplantation, the transplantation of living cells, tissues and organs is done from one specie to another specie In: Medicine 19

20. Increasing the yield of disease resistance in Animals Transgenic processes have been adopted to increase the disease resistance in animals , such as genetic immunization with recombinant plasmid containing gene for antigen of interest to attempt for prevention of infectious diseases, e.g., ra­bies, pseudo rabies virus, etc In: Medicine 20

21. In: Medicine To study the genetic diseases Transgenic animals have also been produced to serve as model to understand particular disease like cystic fibrosis This is caused by a defective gene which can be mimicked in a transgenic mouse Such transgenic animals allow the testing of drugs or to undertake studies not always possible on human 21

22. Till Date Reported Transgenic Animals Transgenic m ice Transgenic p ig Transgenic monkey Transgenic rabbit Transgenic fish Transgenic cow Transgenic sheep Transgenic goat 22

23. https://www.slideshare.net/dvanecoutinho/transgenic-animals-and-its-applications https://byjus.com/biology/transgenic-animals/ https://www.slideshare.net/shysorcerer/xenotransplantation-30155819 References 23