Transgenic animals by Kashikant Yadav

detail about transgenic animals....

1. TRANSGENIC ANIMALS B y : Kashikant Yadav M Pharm (pharmacology) [email protected]

2. Definition one whose genome has been changed to carry genes from other species. According to FELAA an animal in which there has been a deliberate modification of its  genome. DNA manipulated

3. Examples of Transgenic Animals Mouse Goat Sheep Rabbit Cow Fish Dogs Horse Guinea Pigs

4. Why transgenic animals being produced? i . Specific economic traits α-1 anti- trypsin for treatment of human Emphysema α lactalbumin ii. Disease models effective treatment studied

5. How are transgenic animals produced? Principle: Introduction of a foreign gene or genes into an animal ( Transgenes ) The foreign genes “must be transmitted through the germ line, so that every cell, including germ cells , of the animal contain the same modified genetic material

6. Three basic methods of producing transgenic animals: i . DNA microinjection ii. Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer iii. Embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer

7. DNA microinjection

8. Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer

9. Embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer

10. Maintenance of Transgenic Animals Housing feeding ventilation lighting sanitation and routine management practices

11. special care has to be taken with transgenic/gene knockout animals the animals can be susceptible to diseases due to altered metabolic activities. The transgenic and knockout animals should be maintained in clean room environment or in animal isolations.

12. Application of Transgenic Animals i . Agricultural Applications Breeding : eg . increased milk production, high growth rate Quality : produce more milk or milk with less lactose or cholesterol, pigs and cattle that have more meat on them and sheep that grow more wool   c) Disease resistance : to produce disease-resistant animals, such as influenza- resistant pigs ii. Medical Applications Xeno -transplantation : eg . Transgenic pigs Nutritional supplements and pharmaceuticals : insulin, growth hormone, and blood anti-clotting factors are obtained from the milk of transgenic cows, sheep, or goats

13. c) Human gene therap : adding a normal copy of a gene ( transgene ) to the genome of a person carrying defective copies of the gene. eg . calf with a gene that makes the substance that promotes the growth of red cells in humans.   iii. Industrial Applications The goats began to manufacture silk along with their milk and secrete tiny silk chemical safety testing  

14. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Increase the growth rate Improve the disease resistance Improve the food conversion rate Increase the muscle mass Improve the nutritional value Improve the wool quality Disadvantages Inserted gene has multiple function Breeding problem Some time leads to mutagenesis and functional disorder Low survival rate of transgenic animal