Transit-Oriented Development Study Working Group Meeting

This presentation on TOD best practices and model zoning was shared with the Cuyahoga County TOD working group on June 5, 2024.

1. TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT ZONING STUDY BEST PRACTICES + MODEL ZONING 6/5/2024

2. WELCOME & INTRODUCTIONS

3. PROJECT TEAM Cuyahoga County Planning Commission Mary Cierebiej, AICP, Executive Director Patrick Hewitt, AICP, Planning Manager Alex Long, AICP, Principal Planner Daniel Meaney, GISP, Manager, Information & Research Kevin Leeson, Planner Liam Leveto, GIS Technician Laura Mendez Ortiz, AICP, Planner Luke Ols, Cleveland Foundation Fellow Maureen Riley, Planner Micah Stryker, AICP, Senior Planner Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority Maribeth Feke, AICP, Directory of Programming & Planning Mandy Metcalf, AICP, Senior Planner Nicholas Miller, AICP, Planner III City of Cleveland Matthew Moss, Manager, Strategic Initiatives City of Shaker Heights Joyce Braverman, Director of Planning Daniel Feinstein, Senior Planner City of Fairview Park Megan Otter, Community Development Planner City of Cleveland Heights Eric Zamft, AICP, Director of Planning & Development Karen Knittel, Assistant Planning Director Cuyahoga County Annie Pease, AICP, Senior Advisor for Transportation

4. TODAY What is Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) The TOD Zoning Study Development Trends: 2024 Edition Empowering Communities TOD Zoning Best Practices TOD Model Zoning Overlay + Annotated Guide TOD Projects Viewer Moving Forward + Workshop Next Steps Questions + Activity

5. Please fill out the sign-in sheet that is located at each of your tables PLEASE SIGN IN!

6. WHAT IS TOD?

7. WHAT IS TOD Transit-oriented development includes a mix of commercial, residential, office, and entertainment centered around or located near a transit station. Dense, walkable, mixed-use development near transit attracts people and adds to vibrant, connected communities. " " -- Federal Transit Administration

8. Proximity to transit (train or frequent bus service) Mix of uses Higher density Close to the street Limited parking

9. Image: Google Earth Image: La Collina Cleveland

10. Front Parking Deep Setback One-Story Single-Use Rear Parking No Setback Multi-Story Mixed-Use Image: Google Earth Image: La Collina Cleveland

11. Van Aken District (Shaker Heights) Top of the Hill (Cleveland Heights) Harbor 44 (Cleveland) Centric (Cleveland) Image: Cleveland.com Image: City of Cleveland Heights Image: City of Shaker Heights

12. Uncoordinated development types across community borders Zoning requiring transit-unfriendly development Image: Google Earth

13. THE TOD ZONING STUDY

14. GOAL Project Goal To improve zoning regulations and governmental policies in order to attract more transit-oriented development to key corridors in Cuyahoga County.

15. TOD ZONING STUDY State of TOD in Cuyahoga County Analysis of TOD Zoning Best Practices + Model TOD Zoning TOD Financing Strategies Define TOD and identify/quantify TOD locally Why TOD? Analyze whether existing zoning along transit lines allows TOD and identify target areas Develop best practices and model zoning for TOD that can be adopted by individual municipalities Identifying TOD financing mechanisms and incentives used in other communities

16. TOD ZONING STUDY State of TOD in Cuyahoga County Analysis of TOD Zoning Best Practices + Model TOD Zoning TOD Financing Strategies Define TOD and identify/quantify TOD locally Why TOD? Analyze whether existing zoning along transit lines allows TOD and identify target areas Develop best practices and model zoning for TOD that can be adopted by individual municipalities Identifying TOD financing mechanisms and incentives used in other communities

17. MAIN PUBLICATIONS 1 2 3 4

18. TOD CORRIDORS & WALKSHEDS 22 TOD Corridors 26 Communities

19. Land Use Land Cover Single-Family Residential: 42.4% Parking & Other Paved: 25.3%

20. 3 2 1 5 Height Setbacks Mixed- Use Parking Height Setbacks Mixed- Use Parking 4 Lot Coverage

21. OVERALL SUPPORTIVENESS Summary Score Most Supportive: 4.5 or More Somewhat Supportive: 3.5 Least Supportive: 3 or Less Excluded: Single-Family and Two-Family

22. ZONING ANALYSIS Summary Score Most Supportive: 4.5 or More Somewhat Supportive: 3.5 Least Supportive: 3 or Less Excluded: Single-Family and Two-Family

23. KEY FINDINGS A total of 455 zoning districts Single-family and two-family zoning is the most common zoning within our TOD walksheds, accounting for 55.5% of zoned land A few communities have adopted mixed-use zoning , but it is not necessarily transit-oriented —it may still be an auto-oriented and insular Only 5.5% of land within TOD walksheds has zoning that is classified as ‘most supportive’

24. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS 2024 EDITION

25. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS The Development Trends on TOD Corridors documents identify major projects that added more than $1 million in building value over a one-year period along 22 TOD corridors in Cuyahoga County. 2024 Report (NEW) Includes data from 2014 to 2023 2022 Report Includes data from 2012 to 2021

26. OVERALL INVESTMENTS 2014–2023 Outside TOD Walksheds $2,533,185,600 (45%) Inside TOD Walksheds $3,052,012,800 (55%) Cuyahoga County Overall $5,685,198,400 ADDED BUILDING VALUE OF MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN & OUTSIDE TOD WALKSHEDS, 2014-2023

27. ADDED BUILDING VALUE OF MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS, 2014-2023 2014-2023 Major Developments: Within TOD Walksheds (Excluding Downtown) Within TOD Walksheds (in Downtown Cleveland) Outside of TOD Walksheds TOD Walksheds

28. ADDED BUILDING VALUE OF MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS, 2014-2023 2014-2023 Major Developments: Within TOD Walksheds (Excluding Downtown) Within TOD Walksheds (in Downtown Cleveland) Outside of TOD Walksheds TOD Walksheds

29. INVESTMENTS WITHIN TOD WALKSHEDS ADDED BUILDING VALUE OF MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN TOD WALKSHEDS, 2014-2023 Within TOD Walksheds COVID-19 National Emergency

30. OVERALL INVESTMENTS COVID-19 National Emergency Within TOD Walksheds Outside TOD Walksheds ADDED BUILDING VALUE OF MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN TOD WALKSHEDS, 2014-2023

31. INVESTMENTS BY COMMUNITY ADDED BUILDING VALUE OF MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN TOD WALKSHEDS BY COMMUNITY, 2014-2023 78% of investments occurred in Cleveland, followed by 11% in the Inner Ring East Communities Cleveland Inner Ring East Outer Ring East Inner Ring West Outer Ring West 77.7% 10.9% 3.3% 1.3% 6.8%

32. INVESTMENTS BY NEIGHBORHOOD ADDED BUILDING VALUE OF MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN TOD WALKSHEDS BY CLEVELAND NEIGHBORHOOD, 2014-2023 42% of investments occurred in Downtown Cleveland, followed by 24% in the East neighborhoods Downtown East West University Circle 42.1% 23.5% 17.0% 17.4%

33. DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN TOD WALKSHEDS Not all developments within TOD Walksheds conform to TOD Principles TOD Principles The Ascent Harbor Chase UH Ahuja Center Greater Cleveland Food Bank Close to the Street Multiple Stories Substantial Lot Coverage Mix of Uses Minimum Parking/ De-emphasized Parking

34. DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN TOD WALKSHEDS The Ascent Close to the Street Multiple Stories Substantial Lot Coverage Mix of Uses De-emphasized Parking 3 5 2 1 4

35. EMPOWERING COMMUNITIES

36. RESOURCES FOR COMMUNITIES

37. BEST PRACTICES How do we achieve more transit-oriented development?

38. BEST PRACTICES How do we achieve more transit-oriented development? Get parking right Provide safe connections Design for walkability Foster vibrant public spaces Mix uses appropriately Allow for increased density Prioritize housing affordability

39. MODEL TOD ZONING OVERLAY

40. APPLYING THE TOD OVERLAY Example: Existing Gas Station

41. KEY COMPONENTS OF TOD OVERLAY Allows only TOD-supportive uses

42. KEY COMPONENTS OF TOD OVERLAY Eliminates minimum lot area and width

43. KEY COMPONENTS OF TOD OVERLAY Requires density 60% minimum lot coverage 100% maximum lot coverage

44. KEY COMPONENTS OF TOD OVERLAY Moves buildings closer to the street 0 ft minimum front setback 15 ft maximum front setback

45. KEY COMPONENTS OF TOD OVERLAY Requires buildings have a significant presence on the street 60% build-to-zone

46. KEY COMPONENTS OF TOD OVERLAY Requires height 22 ft minimum height 75 ft maximum height

47. KEY COMPONENTS OF TOD OVERLAY Improves parking requirements Eliminates parking minimums Establishes parking maximums Locates parking to the side or rear Requires access from side streets

48. KEY COMPONENTS OF TOD OVERLAY Requires parking lot screening

49. KEY COMPONENTS OF TOD OVERLAY Requires TOD-friendly design 50% ground floor transparency

50. GOALS OF TOD OVERLAY

51. GOALS OF TOD OVERLAY MIXED-USE TOD 8,400 sq ft of commercial space 16,800 sq ft of residential space Commercial and residential use 67% impervious ORIGINAL GAS STATION 3,200 sq ft of commercial space Commercial use only 77% impervious

52. CALIBRATING ZONING REGULATIONS MODEL TOD CODE Main street corridors with frequent bus lines Mix of neighborhood and regional scale retail Some tall buildings, moderate existing density LESS ROBUST TOD Areas in which lower densities are preferred by the community Neighborhood scale/ limited retail MORE ROBUST TOD Key nodes or business districts served by multiple bus lines Community Downtowns and areas near rail stations Regional scale retail and regional destinations

53. CALIBRATING ZONING REGULATIONS MODEL TOD CODE Main street corridors with frequent bus lines Mix of neighborhood and regional scale retail Some tall buildings, moderate existing density LESS ROBUST TOD Areas in which lower densities are preferred by the community Neighborhood scale/ limited retail MORE ROBUST TOD Key nodes or business districts served by multiple bus lines Community Downtowns and areas near rail stations Regional scale retail and regional destinations

54. CALIBRATING ZONING REGULATIONS MODEL TOD CODE Main street corridors with frequent bus lines Mix of neighborhood and regional scale retail Some tall buildings, moderate existing density MORE ROBUST TOD Key nodes or business districts served by multiple bus lines Community Downtowns and areas near rail stations Regional scale retail and regional destinations LESS ROBUST TOD Areas in which lower densities are preferred by the community Neighborhood scale/ limited retail

55. CALIBRATING ZONING REGULATIONS PARKING MODEL TOD CODE Minimum None Maximum 125% Location Only side, rear or underground

56. CALIBRATING ZONING REGULATIONS PARKING LESS ROBUST TOD Minimum Reduced + Shared Parking Maximum NONE Location Same as the Model Code

57. CALIBRATING ZONING REGULATIONS PARKING MORE ROBUST TOD Minimum Transportation Demand Management Plan Maximum 100 to 125% Location Only rear or underground + Limit surface parking size OR Only structured parking at rear or underground

58. CALIBRATING ZONING REGULATIONS

59. CALIBRATING ZONING REGULATIONS

60. RESOURCES FOR COMMUNITIES Available at www.CountyPlanning.us/TOD

61. MOVING FORWARD

62. MOVING FORWARD State of TOD Analysis of TOD Zoning Model TOD Zoning Financing TOD

63. ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE Present to Local Communities Letter of Support (For Zoning Updates or Projects) Assist on Zoning Updates

64. TOD ONLINE VIEWER

65. WORKSHOP PROJECTS: What projects—developments, infrastructure, zoning updates—are planned that we do not have highlighted? SITES: What sites have potential for future TOD development? ZONING: What areas in your community should be considered for TOD zoning?

66. TOD UPDATES Visit us for updates on the project: www.Cou ntyPla nning.us/TOD Please email us with any questions: [email protected] SCAN ME!

67. THANK YOU TO OUR REFERENCE & PEER COMMUNITIES Cleveland, Ohio Shaker Heights, Ohio Cleveland Heights, Ohio Columbus, Ohio Austin, Texas Babylon, New York Buffalo, New York Albany, New York Indianapolis, Indiana Massachusetts Chicago, Illinois Montgomery Co., Pennsylvania Raleigh, North Carolina South Miami, Florida APA Zoning Practices

68. THANK YOU + QUESTIONS

69. WORKSHOP PROJECTS: What projects—developments, infrastructure, zoning updates—are planned that we do not have highlighted? SITES: What sites have potential for future TOD development? ZONING: What areas in your community should be considered for TOD zoning?