TRANSPLANTATION AND TYOES OF GRAFTS (IMMUNOLOGY)

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1. Transplantation and Types of Grafts Overview of Transplant Immunology and Graft Classifications

2. What is Transplantation? Transplantation is the process of transferring cells, tissues, or organs from one site to another to replace damaged or failing parts of the body.

3. Goals of Transplantation Restore normal function to damaged organs or tissues Improve quality of life Extend patient survival

4. Types of Transplants Organ transplant (e.g., kidney, liver, heart) Tissue transplant (e.g., cornea, skin) Cell transplant (e.g., bone marrow, stem cells)

5. Types of Grafts 1. Autograft – from the same individual 2. Isograft – from a genetically identical donor (e.g., identical twin) 3. Allograft – from a genetically different member of the same species 4. Xenograft – from a different species

6. Autograft Definition: Transplant of tissue from one part of the body to another in the same individual. Examples: Skin grafts for burn victims Vein grafts for coronary bypass

7. Isograft Definition: Transplant between genetically identical individuals (e.g., identical twins). Advantage: No immune rejection due to genetic identity

8. Allograft Definition: Transplant between genetically different members of the same species. Examples: Kidney transplant from a non - identical donor Requires immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection

9. Xenograft Definition: Transplant from a donor of a different species. Examples: Pig heart valves used in humans High risk of rejection and ethical concerns

10. Summary Transplantation is vital in modern medicine Graft types depend on donor-recipient relationship Immune compatibility is key to transplant success