Transportation

ROADWAYS�
WATERWAYS�
AIRWAYS
Transportation means movement of passenger by vehicle on road,by ship in water,by aircraft in air

1. TRANSPORTATION CREATED BY : RAJESH GOSWAMI

2. INTRODUCTION ROADWAYS RAILWAYS WATERWAYS AIRWAYS

3. What is Transporta ti on?? Transportati on means the movement of people or goods 3 Transportation should be… - Safe - Environment Friendly

4. TRANSPORTATION Transportation means movement of passenger by vehicle on road,by ship in water,by aircraft in air

5. IN D IA India is the seventh biggest country in the world; Total area of India is estimated to be 3,287,240 square kilometer; Population of India : 1210.2 million (as per Census 2011) ; Hence, it is very important to develop seamless accessible public transport

6. 6 MODES OF TRNSPORTATION 1) Highway 2)RAILWAY

7. 7 3 ) Water 4)Air

8. Roadways Road transpotation is the transport of passenger or goods on road by vehicle. The most common vehicle is the automobile like buses,trucks,motorcycle,& bicycle.

9. ROADWAYS CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS NATIONAL HIGHWAY (NH) STATE HIGHWAY (SH) MAJOR DISTRICT ROAD (MDR) OTHER DISTRICT ROAD (ODR) VILLAGE ROAD (VR)

10. Advantages of road transport Road can be constructed at comparatively lower initial cost than railway. road transport offers quick and assured deliveries. Road provide good commercial links between cities. Road transport has a high employment potential. A porsonal touch is generally present in road transportation. For short hauls road transport is the only economical .

11. Disadvantages of roadways One of the servious disadvantage of road transport is its poor record of safety. The poor construction and maintenance of road contribute to overall increase of the operation cost of vehicles. Road transport consumed greater energy than railway. Road transport has caused problem of parking in city streets. Road transport has low carrying capacity of passengers and good compare to railway and waterway.

12. Railways Rail transport is means of conveyance of passenger and good by way of wheeled vehicle running on rail. Railway have been developed both for long distance transportation and for urban travel .

13. Indian Railways – Span & Importance Indian Largest rail network in Asia and the world's second largest under one management ; Railways are a multi-gauge, multi-traction system covering over one hundred thousand track kilometers; Carries near about 30 million passengers daily; Reaches to the remotest of part of the country ; The above results in increasing its demand year after year.

14. Country Billion passengers Year Japan 22.67 2010 India 8.03 2010 Germany 1.95 2010 People's Republic of China 1.86 2011 United Kingdom 1.33 2010 France 1.14 2009 Russia 1.14 2009 South Korea 1.06 2010 Italy 0.64 2009 Spain 0.57 2010 South Africa 0.53 2007 India appears on the second position in the list of passengers carried in rail transport per year (Countries with more than 500 million passengers): Even though many advanced technologies or superior designs of coaches have long been made available to people in Europe, Japan and now China, replicating or adapting those to meet the needs of people in India is far from reality.

15. Type of trains There are various type of trains that are designed for particular purposes a train can consist of a combination of one or more locomotives and attached railroad cars ELECTRIC DIESEL STEAM

16. Railways track Rails Sub-ballast Sleepers Embankment ballast

17. Growing Population : Increased in urban population from 62 million in 1951 to 285 million in 2001 and is estimated to be around 540 million by the year 2021 Extension of cities far beyond old city boundaries Increased Urban trips : 80 million trips will need to be catered per day, whereas only 37 million trips are being provided by the available rail and bus mass transport facilities Scattered residential and commercial development without necessary infrastructure  Reason for Increase in Demand

18. Challenges faced by Indian Railways Overcrowding , low frequency and lack of universal design Lack of financial resources Low per-capita income : 23 percent of Indian urban population living in poverty Extremely low fares : Due to 70% (as per the Census 2011) of Indian population living in rural area Misuse of Coach for Disabled

19. The coach for disabled does not facilitate independent and dignified access to a user as the component of manual assistance invariably remains due to: Unleveled platform Tactile warning blocks up to the disabled coach only hence posing trip hazard Lack of enforcement leads to overcrowding

20. Lack of provision for inter-platform transfers for people with disabilities putting their safety at question. They are forced to use the railway tracks for crossing hence increasing the risk of accident.

21. Advantages of railways It is seen that railways transport is more faster than the road transport. The railways can meet seasonal fluctuations in traffic. Railways journey is cheap especially for long distances. Provides cheap , convenient and safe mode of transport. Mobilizing troops and war equipment in time of war and emergencies.

22. Disadvantages of railways Initial construction cost of tracks , trains , stations , is high. Tracks are reserved only for the movement of trains. Operational controls are essential in the form of signaling and interlocking. Railways are suitable for specific service only.

23. WATER WAYS Water transportation is the process of transport that a watercraft, such as a barge , boat , makes over a body of after such as a sea , ocean, lake, canal or river.

24. Advantages of waterways Water transport in modern times is very safe. The handling capacity of ports and harbors is a major bottleneck. Higher load carrying capacity for bulky and heavy commodities. It requires cheap motive power for its working. It encourages consumption of foreign goods.

25. Disadvantages of waterways It is slow in speed due to circuitous routes of water and it consumes more time. Frequent storms and hurricanes result in great loss of life and material. It required more time for loading and unloading of cargo. Initial construction cost of habours and ports is high. It required special handing equipment for loading and unloading of cargo.

26. Airways Transport by air is the fastest among the four modes. Aircraft and helicopter use the airways. Air travel also provides more comfort apart from using in transportation time for the passengers and goods between the air ports

27. Classification of aerodromes Central govt. aerodromes State govt. aerodromes Privates owned licensed aerodromes Air force aerodromes

28. Types of airports International airport Private airport Domestic airport Defence airport

29. Advantages of airways Air transport has a good record of safety. Air travel is the most convenient form of transport. The air service can be used for aerial photography. It is extremely useful in case of floods for dropping food Pac\ kets to the affected people.

30. Disadvantages of airways It is seen that the air transport is the most fuel consuming mode . Special training is required and given to the pilots. Accident results in great loss of life. Small or limited quantity of cargo can be handled by aircraft Air transport can be operated only under favorable climatic conditions.

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