TRIZ- Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

TRIZ is one of the problem solving techniques for finding solution to some unknown problems in engineering and life.
Introduction
Orgine of TRIZ
Creator of TRIZ
40 Principles

1. TRIZ A Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

2. INTRODUCTION: People faces two types of problems: Problems with known solutions. Problem with Unknown Solution. Problems with known solutions are solved by information provided by books, journals, etc., Problems with unknown solutions are known as inventive problems.

3. TRIZ: “TRIZ” is the acronym in Russia ( Теория решения изобретательских задач ) for “Theory of Inventive Problem Solving”.

4. CREATOR: Genrich Altshuller , was a patent investigator in Russian Navy in 1946. He screened over 200,000 patents and identified patterns frequently used in innovative patents. He found out that out of over 200,000 patents that he screened, only 40,000 has inventive solutions.

5. SOLUTION CATEGORIZATION: He categorized solutions into five levels: Level One: Routine design problems solved by methods. Level Two: Minor improvements to an existing system. Level Three: Fundamental improvements to an existing system. Level Four: These types are solutions are found in science than in technology. Level Five: A rare scientific discovery of essentially a new system

6. TRIZ 39 ENGINEERING PARAMETERS: Weight of moving object Weight of non-moving object Length of moving object Length of non-moving object Area of moving object Area of non-moving object Volume of moving object Volume of non-moving object Speed Volume Tension, Pressure, Stress Shape Stability of object Strength Durability of moving object Durability of non-moving object Temperature Brightness Energy spent by moving object Energy spent by non-moving object

7. TRIZ 39 ENGINEERING PARAMETERS: Power Waste of energy Waste of substance Loss of information Waste os time Amount of substance Reliability Accuracy of measurement Accuracy of manufacturing Harmful factors acting on object Harmful side effect Manufacturability Convenience of use Reparability Adaptability Complexity of device Complexity of control Level of automation Productivity

8. ENGINEERING PARAMETERS CONFLICTS: Increasing the size of engine: Increasing power of an engine requires increasing the size of an engine, so the inventor can partially increase the power to reduce the conflict. Increasing speed of an airplane needs a new powerful engine. This increases the weight of an airplane.

9. TRIZ: 40 INVENTIVE PRINCIPLES: Altshuller extracted 40 inventive principles from the worldwide patents. These principles can help an engineer find highly solutions to the problems.

10. TRIZ: 40 PRINCIPLES: Segmentation Extraction Local quality Asymmetry Merging/Combining Universality Nesting Counterweight Prior counteraction Prior action Cushion in advance Equi potentiality Inversion Spherodality Dynamicity Partial or overdone action Moving to new dimension Mechanical vibration Periodic action Continuity of useful action

11. Rushing through Convert harm into benefit Feedback Mediator Self-service Copying An inexpensive short Replacement of mechanical system Use of pneumatic or hydraulic construction Flexible film or thin membranes Use of porous material Changing the color Homogeneity Rejecting and regenerating parts Transformation of physical and chemical states of an objects Phase transition Thermal expansion Use strong oxidizers Inert environment Composite material

12. 1. SEGMENTATION: Divide an object into independent parts and easy to assemble or disassemble. Increase the degree of segmentation. Modular Furniture Venetian blinds Frozen- food Cabinet

13. 2. EXTRACTION/TAKING OUT: Separate an interfering part or property from an object, or single out the only necessary part. AC’s Outdoor unit Guttering

14. 3. LOCAL QUALITY: Make each part of an object function in conditions most suitable for its operations. Make each part of an object fulfill a different and/or complementary useful function. Lunch box with special compartments Fire-retardant paint Pencil with eraser

15. 4. ASYMMETRY: Change the shape or properties of an object symmetrical to asymmetrical. Change the shape of an object to suit external asymmetries (ergonomic features). If the object is asymmetrical, increase its degree of symmetry.

16. Single drainer sink unit Pull handle and Push plates Multi sloped roof

17. 5. MERGING/COMBINING: Bring closer together identical or similar objects, assemble identical or similar parts to perform parallel operations. Make object or operations contiguous or parallel; bring them together in time. Double glazed windows Double panel radiator Mixer taps

18. 6. UNIVERSALITY: Make a part or object perform multiple functions; eliminate the need for other parts. Uses standardized features. Velux Windows Doormat senses visitors Combined doorbell and smoke alarm

19. 7. NESTING: Place one object inside; Place multiple objects inside other. Make one part pass (dynamically) through the cavity in the other. Extending radio antenna Stacking c hairs Retractable loft stairs

20. 8. COUNTERWEIGHT: To compensate for the weight of an object, merge it with other objects that provide lift. To compensate for the weight of an object, make it interact with the environment. Crane’s Counterweight Elevator's counterweight Houseboat

21. 9. PRIOR COUNTERACTION: It will be necessary to perform an action with both harmful and useful effects, this action should be replaced with counteraction to control harmful effects. Examples: Plant trees to replace woods Galvanizing Vapor-permeable paint helps prevent rot in wood

22. 10. PRIOR ACTION: Perform before its needed, the required change of an object (either fully of partially). Pre-arrange objects such that they can come into action from the most convenient place and without losing time for their delivery. Pre-fabricated buildings Supply chain management Sprinkler system for fire

23. 11. CUSHION IN ADVANCE: Prepare emergency means beforehand to compensate for the relatively low reliability of an object. Lightening rod Emergency staircase Factor of Safety

24. 12. EQUI POTENTIALITY: In a potential field, limit position changes. Ramps for wheelchair Inspection pit in garage

25. 13. INVERSION: Invert the action(s) to solve the problem. Make movable parts fixed, and fixes parts mocable . Turn the object “upside down”. Self servicing stores Moving sidewalks Lloyds building (Inside out building)

26. 14. SPHEROIDALITY: Instead of using rectilinear parts, surfaces or forms, use curvilinear ones. Use rollers, balls, spiral, domes. Go from linear to rotary motion (or vice versa). Port hole windows Domed roof Revolving door

27. 15. DYNAMICITY: Allow the characteristics of an object to change to be optimal or to find an optimal operating condition. Divide the object into parts capable of movement relative to each other. If the object is rigid or inflexible, make it movable or adaptive. Shape memory alloy Escalator

28. 16. PARTIAL OR OVERDONE ACTION: If 100% solution is hard to achieve, then by using ‘slightly less’ or ‘slightly more’ of the same method to solve the problem easier. Examples: Over spray when painting, then remove excess. Hot dip galvanizing

29. 17. MOVING TO A NEW DIMENSION: If the object moves in a straight line, consider use of dimensions or movement outside the line. If the object moves in a plane, consider use of dimensions or movement outside the current plane. Use a multi storey arrangement of objects instead of a single storey arrangement. Use ‘another side’ of a given area.

30. Bay windows Spiral staircase Multi storey car parking Hidden door hinges

31. 18. MECHANICAL VIBRATION: Using the vibration to oscillate. Increasing the frequency for some applications. Use an object’s resonant frequency. Use piezoelectric vibrators instead of mechanical one. Use combined ultrasonic and electromagnetic field oscillations.

32. Examples: Vibration exciter removes voids from poured concrete. Ultrasonic cleaning. Use Helmholtz resonators to absorb sound. Piezoelectric vibrators improve fluid atomization from a spray nozzle. Crack detection using ultrasound.

33. 19. PERIODIC ACTION: Instead of continuous action, use periodic or pulsating actions. If an action is already periodic, change the periodic magnitude of frequency. Use pause between actions to perform different action. Spot welding Tartan grid Refill WC cistern while not in use

34. 20. CONTONUITY OF USEFUL ACTION: Carry on work continuously; make all parts of an object work at full load or optimum efficiency, all the time . Eliminate all idle or intermittent actions or work. Flywheel in bikes rotates continuously Rapid drying paint

35. 21. RUSHING THROUGH: Conduct a process, or certain stages at high speed. Examples: Continuous pouring of concrete. Cut plastic faster than heat can propagate in the material, to avoid deforming shape.

36. 22. CONVERT HARM INTO BENEFIT: Use harmful factors to achieve a positive effect. Eliminate the primary harmful action by adding it to another harmful action to resolve the problem. Examples: Use waste heat to generate electric power. Composting toilets. Use toxic chemicals to protect timber from infestation and rot.

37. 23. FEEDBACK: Introduce feedback (referring back, cross-checking) to improve a process or action. Examples: Thermostatic temperature control. Heat/smoke sensors used to detect fire.

38. 24. MEDIATOR: Use an intermediary carrier article or intermediary process . Fly-screen door Pipe-lagging

39. 25. SELF-SERVICE: Make an object serve or organize itself by performing auxiliary helpful functions. Self-latching door Door with glass panel

40. 26. COPYING: Instead of an unavailable, expensive, fragile object, use simpler and inexpensive copies. Replace an object, or process with optical copies. Astroturf Examples: Astroturf Spoken announcement in railways Color printing of paintings

41. 27. AN INEXPENSIVE SHORT: Replace an expensive object with a multiple of inexpensive objects, compromising certain qualities. Examples: Disposable doormats Paper towel Plastic chair Port-a-loo Paper towel Port-a-loo

42. 28. REPLACEMENT OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM: Replace the mechanical means with sensory means. Use electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields to interact with the object. Wireless data transfer Electric lock with swipe key

43. 29. USE A PNEUMATIC OR HYDRAULIC CONSTRUCTION: Use gas or liquid parts of an object instead of solid parts. Inflatable furniture Hydraulic lift

44. 30. FLEXIBLE FILM OR THIN MEMBRANES: Use flexible shells and thin films instead of three-dimensional structures. Isolate the object from the external environment using flexible shells and thin films, Honeycomb door gives strength a nd lightness Bubble warp

45. 31. USE OF POROUS MATERIAL: Make an object porous or add porous elements and make use of it. Air bricks Foam metals

46. 32. CHANGING THE COLOR: Change the color of an object or its external environment. Change the transparency of an object or its external environment. In order to improve observability of thing that are difficult, use colored addictive's or luminescent elements. Examples: Electro or photo-chromic glass Reflective sign board Using different uniform’s color code to identify various department in an industry or office.

47. 33. HOMOGENEITY: Make objects interacting with a given object of the same material (or material with identical properties). Examples: Make the container out of the same material as the contents to avoid chemical reactions. Make a diamond cutting tool out of diamond. Diamond cutting tools

48. 34. REJECTING AND REGENERATING PARTS: Make portions of an object that have fulfilled their functions go away (discard by dissolving, evaporation, etc.). Examples: Reusable form-work for concrete.

49. 35. TRANSFORMATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STATES OF AN OBJECT. Change an object’s physical states (e.g. to a gas, liquid or solid). Change the concentration or consistency. Change the degree of flexibility. Change the temperature, pressure and other parameters. Examples: Pouring concrete Change aggregate mix in concrete to alter properties. Rubber mounted windows in vehicles to improve vibration damping. Thermal curtains to block sunlight.

50. 36. PHASE TRANSITION: Use phenomena occurring during phase transition (e.g. volume changes, loss of absorption of heat, etc.). Examples: Heat pipes Sodium sulphate stores heat upon melting and releases heat upon solidification. Heat pipes

51. 37. THERMAL EXPANSION: Use thermal expansion (or contraction) of materials. If thermal expansion is being used, use multiple materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion. Expansion joint Bimetallic strips used for thermostats

52. 38. USE STRONG OXIDIZER: Replace common air with oxygen enriched air. Replaced enriched air with pure oxygen. Examples: Introduced oxygen into hospital Intensive C are Unit (ICU). Cut at high temperature using an oxy-acetylene torch.

53. 39. INERT ENVERIONMENT: Replace a normal environment with inert one. Examples: Electron microscope. MIG welding

54. 40. COMPOSITE MATERIALS: Change from uniform to composite (multiple) materials where each material is tuned to a particular functional requirement. Examples: Fiber re-enforced spray/paint on roofing treatments. Glass re-enforced plastic.

55. SOME COMPANIES USING TRIZ: Allied Signal Aerospace Sector Chrysler Corp. Emerson Electric Ford Motor Co. General Motors Corp. Johnson & Johnson Rockwell International UNISYS Xerox Corporation

56. THANK YOU