Troubleshooting Volvo EC140CLM Excavator Service Repair Manual

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About This Presentation

Troubleshooting Volvo EC140CLM Excavator Service Repair Manual, This document is an operation and maintenance manual. It contains safety information and warnings, operating instructions, maintenance schedules and procedures. The safety section emphasizes avoiding unauthorized modifications to the ma...


Slide Content

Service Information
Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:
Engine, description 200 Service Information 2015/3/6 0
Profile:
EXC, EC140C LM [GB]
Engine, description
D4E - tier 3 compliant
The D4E configuration is a four stroke, stra
ight four cylinder, turbocha
rged, direct injected diesel engine with charge air
cooling and wet, replaceable cylinder liners.
The D4E engine uses a Common Rail Fu
el System controlled by the engine el
ectronic control (E-ECU) software.
Mechanically controlled IEGR (Interna
l Exhaust Gas Recirc
ulation) reduces NO
x
formation and lowers emissions without the
need for exhaust after treatment. Volvo's
latest engine management system, E-ECU is
used to control all engine electronic
functions.
The cylinders are numbered consec
utively beginning at the flywhe
el end. Engine rotational direction is counterclockwise as
seen from the flywheel end.
Figure 1
Engine, D4E
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Engine

Service Information
Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:
Engine, identification 200 Service Information 2015/3/6 0
Profile:
EXC, EC140C LM [GB]
Engine, identification
Identificati
on plate
The engine model, serial number and performance data are st
amped on an identification plate which is attached on the
cylinder head cover. The engine model designation and serial number must be indicated when ordering spare parts.
Figure 1
Engine identification, D4E
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Service Information
Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:
Engine, tightening torques200 Service Information 2015/3/6 0
Profile:
EXC, EC140C LM [GB]
Engine, tightening torques
NOTICE
Regarding bolted joints which are not listed here, see “Volvo standard tightening torques”
Engine, tightening torque
Rocker arm bracket on cylinder head 30 Nm (22.2 lbf ft)
Cylinder head cover (M6) on cylinder head 13 Nm (9.6 lbf ft)
Exhaust return module on cylinder head Step 1: 10 Nm (7.4 lbf ft)
Step 2: 30 Nm (22.2 lbf ft)
Lock nut, valve adjusting screw 20 ±2 Nm (14.8 ±1.5 lbf ft)
Locking screw on cylinder head 34 Nm (25.2 lbf ft)
Solenoid valve on cylinder head 24 Nm (17.8 lbf ft)
Front cover on crankcase Step 1: 3 Nm (2.2 lbf ft)
Step 2: 21 Nm (15.5 lbf ft)
Drain plug on oil pan, M18 55 Nm (40.7 lbf ft)
Crankcase ventilation on cylinder head 21 Nm (15.5 lbf ft)
Return line to return stop valve 30 Nm (22.2 lbf ft)
Return stop valve to crankcase 80 Nm (59.2 lbf ft)
Impulse transmitter (crankshaft) on holder on front cover 9 Nm (6.7 lbf ft)
Impulse transmitter (camshaft) on gearcase 9 Nm (6.7 lbf ft)
Turbocharger on exhaust manifold 42 Nm (31.1 lbf ft)
Clamping shoe injector on cylinder head 16 Nm (11.8 lbf ft)
Injection lines on rail and injector, high pressure line on high-pressure
pump
25 Nm (18.5 lbf ft)
Fuel supply pump on holder 22 Nm (16.3 lbf ft)
Holder fuel supply pump on holder 30 Nm (22.2 lbf ft)
V-belt pulley on fuel supply pump 27 Nm (20.0 lbf ft)
High pressure pump on crankcase, M10 Step 1: 10 Nm (7.4 lbf ft)
Step 2: 50 Nm (37.0 lbf ft)
Fuel control valve 30 Nm (22.2 lbf ft)
Fuel pipe on high pressure pump 29 Nm (21.5 lbf ft)
Fuel pipe on control block 39 Nm (28.9 lbf ft)
Rail on cylinder head 30 Nm (22.2 lbf ft)
Pressure relief valve on rail 100 Nm (74.0 lbf ft)
Rail pressure sensor on rail 70 Nm (51.8 lbf ft)
Pipe clips, fuel line fastening 30 Nm (22.2 lbf ft)
Fuel line on control block, fuel filter console and rail 39 Nm (28.9 lbf ft)
Fuel pipe (return) on control block 49 Nm (36.3 lbf ft)
Fuel pipe (return) on cylinder head 29 Nm (21.5 lbf ft)
Fuel line on fuel filter8 39 Nm (28.9 lbf ft)
Fuel filter console/radiator tank on crankcase 30 Nm (22.2 lbf ft)

Fuel pressure sensor on fuel filter console 30 Nm (22.2 lbf ft)
Cover plate on cylinder cover, M6 30 Nm (22.2 lbf ft)

Service Information
Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:
Component locations 200 Service Information 2015/3/6 0
Profile:
EXC, EC140C LM [GB]
Component locations
Component position, engine D4E. The fo
llowing figures show the position of
a number of components on engine D4E.
Figure 1
Component locati
ons, front side
1 Engine oil filler 11 Oil dipstick
2 Air inlet 12 Power take off
3 Transport eye 13 Engine oil filter
4 Alternator 14 Fuel filter
5 Fuel feed pump 15 Connection to E-ECU
6 V-rib belt drive on crankshaft 16 Crankcase bleeding valve
7 V-rib belt 17 High pressure fuel pump
8 Automatic belt tensioner 18 Common rail
9 Coolant pump 19 Injector
10 Engine oil cooler
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Figure 2
Component locations, flywheel side
20 Crankcase bleeding valve 27 Coolant inlet
21 Charge air manifold 28 Coolant outlet
22 Flywheel housing 29 Air inle t (from charge air cooler)
23 Oil pan 30 Air outlet (to charge air cooler)
24 Start motor 31 Exhaust manifold
25 Oil return line from turbocharger 32 Cylinder rocker arm cover
26 Turbocharger

Service Information
Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:
Engine characteristic curve210 Service Information 2015/3/6 0
Profile:
EXC, EC140C LM [GB]
Engine characteristic curve
Figure 1
Engine, characteristic curve
P Output power
S Engine speed
T Torque
beFuel consumption

Service Information
Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:
Basic check, Engine 210 Service Information 2015/3/6 0
Profile:
EXC, EC140C LM [GB]
Basic check, Engine
NOTE!
Certain tests and checks are performed wi
th unlocked safety locking lever. Make
sure that the machine cannot operate
unexpectedly when the contro
l lockout lever is unlocked.
Purpose of the basic check
The purpose of the basic check is to provide fast and accu
rate information about the general condition of the engine.
The basic check should be performed and evaluated ac
cording to instructions in the PC-tool VCADS Pro.
Tests included in the basic check
The basic check which is divided into the
following tests should be performed after
reading out error codes and checking
parameters
.
Tests:
1.
2.
3.
Cylinder compression, test
The purpose of the test is to show if any cylinder has
a deviating compression pressure
. The test replaces the old
pressure check method but does
not give any absolute values.
Feed pressure, test
The purpose of the test is to check that
the feed pressure is as per specification.
Sensor, test
The purpose of the test is to check the function of all sensors.
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Service Information
Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:
Troubleshooting 210 Service Information 2015/3/6 0
Profile:
EXC, EC140C LM [GB]
Troubleshooting
General about troubleshooting
When a malfunction is suspected or has
been confirmed, it is important to id
entify the cause as soon as possible.
The starting point for all troubleshooting is that ther
e is some type of trouble symptom or malfunction.
Malfunctions can be indicated by:


generation of error codes
detection of a malfunction symptom.
Troubleshooting work
The first step in troubleshooting is to gather information
from the operator concerning
the malfunction symptoms, see
Electrical and information system, Collection of basic data. Th
en, attempt to pin-point the cause by checking in a certain
order, for more information, se
e Electrical and information system, troubleshooting strategy.
The different checking steps are:



Check error codes
Check parameters
Perform basic check
Troubleshooting information
The following is included in El
ectrical and information system
and is used when troubleshooting:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Troubleshooting strategy
Describes troubleshooting work, step by step.
Troubleshooting, assistive devices
Brief summary of the assistive devices
that are available for troubleshooting.
Functional checks and tests, VCADS Pro
Brief description of VCADS Pro. For a detailed
description, see VCAD
S Pro User’s Manual.
Error code information
Contains information regarding error code design, lists of
all error codes and error code information about each
error code.
Components, troubleshooting and specifications
Contains methods and me
asuring values for troubleshooting of compon
ents. Also includes wiring diagrams and
certain specifications.
Parameters
Incorrectly set parameters may cause
malfunction symptoms. The parameter list includes all limit and command
values for parameters.
Control units, functional description
Describes the functions of the contro
l units, inputs and outputs as well
as communication between the various
control units.
Control units, active and passive measuring
Contains measuring values for active
and passive measuring of the ECUs.
Software functions
Describes the pre-requisite conditions for the control and
monitoring functions that ar
e performed by the software
in the ECUs.
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Service Information
Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:
Camshaft and flywheel
signals, checking with
VCADS Pro and
oscilloscope
210 Service Information 2015/3/6 0
Profile:
EXC, EC140C, EC140C L, EC140C LM [GB]
Camshaft and flywheel signals, checking with VCADS Pro and
oscilloscope
Op nbr 210-090
9990014 Break out harness
9990062 Cable
9998699 Adapter
88890040 Oscilloscope
VCADS Pro VCADS Pro Service Tool
1. Connect 88890040 Oscilloscope to the VCADS Pro computer and perform 28420-3, Flywheel and camshaft signals,
test.
NOTE!
Instructions for how to connect the equipment are described in the VCADS Pro operation.
NOTE!
To be able to start the oscilloscope operation when USB-interface is default in VCADS Pro, then 88890180 Interface
must be connected to the computer. However, in this case the interface does not have to be connected to the
machine.
For computers with only one USB-port, the interface configuration must be changed to 9998555. However, in this
cases the interface does not have to be connected to the machine.
Detailed user support is available under the the menu Help in the software.
NOTE!
The function “Save” overwrites the original file. Therefore, choose “Save as...” to save the read-off.

Figure 1
1. Click to start and stop the read-off
Figure 2
Example of read-off of sensor signals with oscilloscope
1.
2.
Signal from flywheel sensor
Signal from camshaft sensor
2. Check that the signal from the camshaft sensor's signal coincides with the signal from the flywheel sensor within
the marked area in the figure.


If the signal for the camshaft sensor is displaced to the leftthe camshaft is displaced one gear tooth in
the camshaft's rotational direction.
If the signal for the camshaft sensor is displaced to the rightthe camshaft is displaced one gear tooth
opposite to the camshaft's rotational direction.
For adjusting the camshaft's position, see service manual for respective engine.

Figure 3
Relationship between camshaft signal and flywheel signal
A. Area where the signal from the camshaft shall coincide with the signal from the flywheel sensor
1.
2.
Flywheel sensor
Camshaft sensor
Figure 4 Example of incorrect signal
In this case, the signal for the camshaft sensor is displaced to the left.
3. Check that the curves are not mirror-imaged (see figure). If the curves are mirror-imaged:


Check the connection to the oscilloscope.
If the connection to the oscilloscope is correct, check that the connections for the crankshaft sensor are
installed correctly. If needed, unplug the connector for the flywheel sensor and change place of the cable
connections.

Figure 5
Example of incorrect signal
In this case, the signal for the flywheel sensor is mirror-imaged
4. Check the voltage across the camshaft sensor.
To ensure reliable start and operation of the engine, the voltage across the sensors shall be according to
.
3021 SE2703, description and measuring
If the signal is too low:


Check that the sensor is correctly installed and adjusted.
Remove the sensor and check that it is not damaged. Check the distance between the sensor and the
sensor ring gear is according to . Install the sensor
386 Engine rotation speed sensor (camshaft), replacing
and check the signal again.
If the sensor is damaged, rotate the crankshaft and check if the camshaft gear has any damage that has
caused damage to the sensor.
Figure 6
A. Signal voltage camshaft sensor (V)
5. Check the voltage across the flywheel sensor.
To ensure reliable start and operation of the engine, the voltage across the sensors shall be according to

.
3021 SE2701, description and measuring
If the signal is too low:


Check that the sensor is correctly installed and adjusted.
Remove the sensor and check that it is not damaged. Check the distance between the sensor and the
sensor ring gear/flywheel is according to . Install the sensor
386 Engine rotation speed sensor, replacing
and check the signal again.
If the sensor is damaged, rotate the crankshaft and check if the flywheel has any damage that has caused
damage to the sensor.
Figure 7
A. Signal voltage flywheel sensor (V)

Service Information
Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:
Cylinder head, description211 Service Information 2015/3/6 0
Profile:
EXC, EC140C LM [GB]
Cylinder head, description
The cylinder head is made of grey cast iron and is common for all cylinders. The induction air enters vertically (A) and the
exhausts leave horizontally (B). Inlets
and exhaust outlets are locate
d on the same side of the cylinder block. Inlet and
exhaust valve size is increased to optimize the gas exchange
and combustion process. Valve guides are replaceable. Coolant
flow in the cylinder head is modified to accommodate an outlet controlled cooling system.
On order for the engine to fulfill govern
ing emission standards, there are 3 cylinder head gaskets of different thicknesses
between the cy
linder head and the piston.
Figure 1
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Service Information
Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:
Cylinder head gasket,
description
211 Service Information 2015/3/6 0
Profile:
EXC, EC140C LM [GB]
Cylinder head gasket, description
The cylinder head gasket is a multi layered gasket with 1, 2 or 3 identification holes to indicate three different thicknesses
available. Selection of the proper thickn
ess of gasket is determined by the me
asurement of piston projection above the
cylinder block sealing surface. Recalibration for the correct ga
sket thickness would be required if new pistons or a new
cylinder block were installed.
Figure 1
1. Cylinder head gasket, marking
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Service Information
Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:
Cylinder block, description212 Service Information 2015/3/6 0
Profile:
EXC, EC140C LM [GB]
Cylinder block, description
The cylinder block is cast in one piece and has wet, replaceable cylinder linings. Combustion pressure tensile breaking
strength in cylinder head screws is led through stiffened sections of the cylinder block wall directly to the main bearings.
The cylinder block surface should not be ground as the distance between the pistons and the valve heads may become too
small. There is also a risk that injector tips will be incorrectly placed in relation to the pistons and that exhaust values will
worsen.

Service Information
Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:
Cylinder, description 213 Service Information 2015/3/6 0
Profile:
EXC, EC140C LM [GB]
Cylinder, description
Figure 1 Cylinder liner
1 Cylinder liner
2 Crankcase
D4E engine with a bore about 101 mm (3.98 in) is provided with dry, plateau-honed slip-fit cylinder liners. In case of
damage, the cylinders of the D4E series are repaired by replacing the slip-fit liners.

Service Information
Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:
Pistons, description 213 Service Information 2015/3/6 0
Profile:
EXC, EC140C LM [GB]
Pistons, description
D6E Engine
The pistons are made of special alloy aluminium. The pi
ston's combustion compartment
has a somewhat off-center
(eccentric) position in rela
tion to the piston pin.
The pistons are provided with 3 piston rings. The fi
rst ring has a ring carrier made of cast iron.
The piston is cooled with oil spraye
d up on the inside of the piston top.
The piston cooling nozzles are made of
plastic and are mount
ed in the cylinder
head by the main bearing positions.
The first piston ring has an
asymmetric cross-section area (A). The cr
oss-section area for piston ring number two
(compression ring) is tapere
d. When installing the piston rings, the markin
g TOP by the opening in the rings must face up.
The third ring is an oil ring with bevelled edge.
Figure 1
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