Trucks and Hauling Equipment

Presentation on Trucks and Hauling Equipment (By Varun Y.S. and Rachana Agutale)

1. TRUCKS AND HAULING EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS AND METHODS By- VARUN Y.S. RACHANA AGUTALE CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT VNIT

2. TRUCKS Trucks are hauling units that provide relatively low hauling costs because of their high travel speeds. Truck s provid e a hig h degre e of flexibilit y permittin g modification s i n the tota l haulin g capacit y o f a flee t and adjustment s fo r changin g haul distances.

3. Most trucks may be operated over any haul road for which the surface is sufficiently firm and smooth and on which the grades are not excessively steep. Some trucks now in use are designated as off-highway trucks because their size and total load are larger than that permitted on public highways. These trucks are used for hauling materials on large project sites, where their size and costs are justified.

4. TRUCKS CLASSIFICATION Trucks may be classified according to a number of factors including: The method of dumping the load. a) Rear dump trucks

5. b) Bottom-dump Truck c) Side-dump Truck

6. 2. The size and type of engine - gasoline, diesel, butane or propane 3. The kind of drive - two wheel, four wheel or six wheel 4. The no. of wheels and axles, and the arrangement of driving wheels 5.The class of material hauled -earth, rock, coal or ore 6. The capacity -gravimetric (tons) or volumetric (cubic yards) 7. The type of frame - rigid frame or articulated

7. RIGID FRAME REAR DUMP TRUCKS They are suitable for use in hauling many types of materials. The shape of the body, such as the extent of sharp angles & corners,& contour of the rear, through which the materials must flow during dumping, will affect the ease or difficulty of loading & dumping. Continuous use under severe conditions requires a heavy-duty rock body made of high-tensile strength steel. They can navigate grades of 20% for short distances.

8. ARTICULATED REAR-DUMP TRUCKS They operate through high rolling resistance material and in c onfined working locations. The wheel drive, high clearance and low pressure radial t ires combine to produce a truck capable of moving t hrough soft or sticky ground. They can operate on grades up to about 35%. Most common are the 4x4 models but there are larger 6x6 models. They usually have high hydraulic system pressure (dumping cylinder hoists the bed faster) and the bed achieves a steeper dump angle.

9. CAPACITIES OF TRUCKS AND HAULING EQUIPMENT Three methods of rating the capacities of trucks: 1) Gravimetric: the load it will carry, expressed as a weight. 2)Stuck volume : the volumetric amount it will carry, if the load is water level in the body. 3)Heaped volume : the volumetric amount it will carry, if the load is heaped on a 2:1 slope above the body.

10. TRUCK SIZE AFFECTS PRODUCTIVITY Small Trucks Advantages: 1. Maneuvering flexibility , which may be an advantage on restricted work sites. 2. Speed , can achieve higher haul and return speeds 3. Production , little impact if one truck breaks down 4. Balance of fleet , easy to match number of trucks to excavator production

11. Disadvantages of Small Trucks: 1.Number , more trucks increases operational dangers in the pit, along the haul road and at the dump. 2.More drivers required , more needed for a given output. 3. Loading impediment , small target for excavator bucket. 4. Positioning time , total spotting time greater because of the number required.

12. Large Trucks Advantages: 1.Number, fewer needed for a given output. 2.Drivers required , fewer needed for a given output. 3. Loading advantage , larger target for the excavator bucket. 4. Positioning time , frequency of spotting trucks is reduced.

13. Disadvantages of Large Trucks 1.Cost of truck time at loading is greater , especially with small excavators. 2.Loads heavier , possible damage to the haul roads thus increasing the cost of maintenance of the haul road. 3. Balance of fleet , difficult to match no. of trucks to excavator production . 4.Size , may not be permitted to haul on highways.

14. Truck production Estimation

15. 1) Number of bucket load:- Balanced number of bucket load = Truck capacity/bucket capacity 2)Load time and Truck load volume:- 3) Haul Time:- Haul time = haul distance haul speed

16. 4) Return time:- Return Time = Return distance Haul speed 5) Dump Time:- *Type of hauling unit *Congestion in the dump area 6) Truck cycle time 7) Number of trucks required:- = Truck cycle time Excavator cycle time

17. 8) Production:- = truck load*no of trucks*60min*Efficiency Truck cycle time Production Issues:- 1) Reach of the excavator 2) Dumping height of the bucket 3) Width of the bucket

18. Tyres:- 1)Proper tyre size 2)maintaining correct air pressure 3)Based on resistance, which surface of the road offers to penetration rigid road surface- small dia high pressure yielding road surfaces- large dia low pressure TMPH( tonmilesperhour )= Avg tyre load x Avg speed during a day’s operation

19. Truck safety:- 1) Conduct hazard assessment of the work everyday, and ensure operators and drivers are aware of hazards 2) Ensure berms are adequately built 3) operator should follow all operating signals 4) Use of spotter while backing with blind spot 5) Should stay out of vehicle travel path 6) wear high visibility safety clothing

20. THANK YOU