Tsunami definition effect and causes prevention major tsunami

Tsunami

1. Tsunami Dhiraj Barick : 12202080601026 Dharmik Makwana : 12202080601024 Dhruv Gusai : 12202080601031

2. What is a tsunami? Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ' harbour ' and nami means 'wave'. They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides. Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly. Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.

3. The geological movements that cause tsunamis are produced in three majorways . 1. Earthquake The most common of these are fault movements on the sea floor, accompanied by an earthquake. They release huge amount of energy and have the capacity to cross oceans. The degree of movement depends on how fast the earthquake occures and how much water is displaced. 2. Landslide The second most common cause of the tsunami is a landslide either occuring under water or originating above the sea and then plunging into the water. The largest tsunami ever produced by a landslide was in Lituya Bay, Alaska 1958. The massive rock slide produced a wave that reached a high water mark of 50-150 meters above the shoreline. 3. Volcanic activity The third major cause of tsunami is volcanic activity. The flank of a volcano located near the shore or under water may be uplifted or depressed similar to the action of a fault, or, the volcano may actually explode. In 1883, the violent explosion of the famous volcano. Krakotoa in Indonesia, produced tsunami measuring 40 meters which crushed upon Java and Sumatra. Over 36,000 people lost their lives in this tyrant waves. Causes Of Tsunami

4. If you feel an earthquake or receive a tsunami warning, evacuate immediately to high ground or inland.   Drop, Cover, and Hold On: If you are in the immediate vicinity of the coast when an earthquake strikes, drop to the ground, cover your head with your arms, and hold onto something sturdy. Wait for the shaking to stop before moving to higher ground.   Evacuate immediately: As soon as the shaking stops or you receive a tsunami warning, evacuate to high ground or inland. Move as far away from the coast as possible, seeking higher ground if possible. Remember, every meter counts.   Stay away from the coast: Do not return to the coast until officials say it is safe. Tsunamis can consist of multiple waves, and there may be aftershocks that could trigger additional waves.   Listen to authorities: Follow instructions from local officials. They will provide information on evacuation routes, safe zones, and other important information.   Be aware of your surroundings: Pay attention to your surroundings and be aware of any signs of an approaching tsunami, such as unusual water levels or strong currents.   Stay calm and informed: Remain calm and follow instructions from authorities. Do not spread rumors or misinformation. During Tsunami

5. Stay informed: Listen to local news and emergency alerts for updates on the situation and any ongoing dangers. Avoid damaged areas: Stay away from damaged buildings, roads, and power lines. These areas could be unstable and pose a risk. Check for injuries: Assess yourself and others for injuries. If necessary, seek medical attention immediately. Help others: If you are able, offer assistance to those in need. This could include helping to evacuate people, providing first aid, or distributing supplies. Conserve resources: Limit your use of water, electricity, and other resources. This will help ensure that essential services are available to everyone. Follow safety guidelines: Adhere to any safety guidelines issued by local authorities. This may include avoiding certain areas, boiling water, or taking precautions against diseases. Be patient: Recovery from a tsunami can take time. Be patient and support your community as they rebuild. Remember: The situation may continue to evolve, so it's important to remain vigilant and follow the guidance of local authorities. After a Tsunami

6. Primary Effects Flooding: Tsunamis can cause widespread flooding, inundating coastal areas and causing severe damage to property, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Erosion: The powerful force of tsunami waves can erode coastlines, leading to beach loss, damage to coastal structures, and increased vulnerability to future storms. Destruction of infrastructure: Tsunamis can destroy buildings, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure, causing significant economic disruption and making it difficult for communities to recover. Loss of life: The most devastating effect of tsunamis is the loss of human life. Many people are killed or injured as a result of drowning, building collapse, or being swept away by the powerful currents. Effects of a Tsunami

7. Detection: When a large earthquake occurs near the coast, the seismographs will detect it and send data to the warning center. Assessment: The warning center will analyze the data from the seismographs and other sensors to determine if there is a potential for a tsunami. Prediction: If a tsunami is predicted, the warning center will use computer models to estimate the arrival time and height of the wave. Dissemination: The warning center will then issue a tsunami warning to coastal communities through various channels. Evacuation: People in coastal areas will have time to evacuate to higher ground or inland areas. While early warning systems have been successful in saving lives and property, they are not foolproof. Tsunamis can sometimes occur without a preceding earthquake, and communication systems can be disrupted during disasters. It is important for coastal communities to be prepared for tsunamis and to have evacuation plans in place. Tsunami Early Warning System

8. Loss of life and property can be reduced by proper planning. Tsunami warnings can be made to aware peoples. Stay away from all low lying coastal areas. Never go down to the shore to watch tsunami. Stay out of low lying danger areas until an “all-clear” is issued by competent authority. Build coastal defenses: Seawalls, breakwaters, mangrove forests. Implement early warning systems: Give people time to evacuate. Prepare communities: Develop emergency plans, educate the public, enforce building codes. Tsunami Prevention

9. Disaster Management Cycle in Tsunami Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery

10. 1. Mitigation Goal: Reduce the impact of future tsunamis. Actions: Establish building codes for coastal areas to ensure tsunami-resistant structures. Implement land use zoning to prevent development in high-risk areas. Build protective infrastructure such as sea walls and mangrove plantations to reduce wave force. Public education on the risks of tsunamis and safe practices. 2. Preparedness Goal: Ensure readiness for an imminent tsunami. Actions: Set up early warning systems to detect tsunamis and provide alerts. Develop and practice evacuation plans for coastal communities. Designate safe zones and install signage directing people to higher ground. Conduct tsunami drills in at-risk communities. Tsunami Prevention

11. 3. Response Goal: Minimize loss of life and damage during and immediately after a tsunami. Actions: Activate emergency services and initiate evacuation procedures as soon as a tsunami warning is issued. Provide real-time information and instructions to the public. Deploy rescue teams and first responders to assist affected areas. Ensure the provision of emergency medical aid, food, and temporary shelter for survivors. 4. Recovery Goal: Restore normalcy and rebuild affected communities. Actions: Conduct damage assessments and provide financial support for rebuilding infrastructure and homes. Rehabilitate affected areas and restore essential services like water, electricity, and transportation. Provide psychological and social support to survivors. Evaluate the response and improve future preparedness and mitigation strategies. Tsunami Prevention

12. THE INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI, 2004

13. THE INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami (Boxing day tsunami) , occurred on 26 December, with an epicentre off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia. One of the deadliest natural calamities. Died - 230000 Cause - Sumatra - Andaman Earthquake The 3rd most powerful earthquake in recorded history. Quake measured - 9.1-9.3 on Richter scale. The earthquake was caused by a rupture along the fault between the Burmese Plate and the Indian Plate. Energy released = 23000 Hiroshima type atomic bombs The quake has displaced huge amount of ocean water that flooded coastlines along the Indian ocean.

14. THE INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI Total countries affected – 18 Countries suffering major casualties and deaths Indonesia Sri Lanka India Maldives Thailand

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