tuberculosis bacteria biochemistryy.pptx

tuberculosis.pptx

1. Tuberculosis By : Adnan Hailat

2. Introduction T ube r c ulos is ( T B) is a highly c ontagious b a c te r ial i n fe c tion c a us e d b y M y c o b a c t e r ium tub e r culo sis . It primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body. And it’s a major problem in developing countries .

3. A slim, strongly acid–alcohol–fast rod It grows at 37C, but not at room temperature, It requires enriched or complex media for primary growth. Growth is very slow, with a mean generation time of 12 to 24 hours. The dry, rough, buff-colored colonies usually appear after 3 to 6 weeks of incubation.

4. Its distinctive cell wall, characterized by a high lipid content, contributes to the bacterium's resilience against environmental stressors and the host's immune defenses. The complex cell wall is primarily composed of mycolic acids, which not only protect the bacterium but also contribute to its resistance to antimicrobial agents.

5. Understanding TB Symptoms TB symptoms can include persistent c o ugh , c h e s t p ain, f a t i gu e , w eight loss, an d f e v e r . I t's c r uc ia l t o r e c ogni ze th ese signs f or ea r ly in t e r v ention an d mana gem ent of th e d is e a se.

6. Where does it come from? Closed contact with someone having active tuberculosis infection HIV infection Cancer and organ transplant surgery Diabetic mellitus Chronic renal Failure

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

8. turbulence factors Sulfatides : Inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion. Allow intracellular survival. Waxy cell envelope reduces killing effect if fusion occurs . Cord Factor Causes serpentine growth in vitro. Inhibits leukocyte migration. Disrupts mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Tuberculin (Surface Protein) with Mycolic Acid: Induces delayed hypersensitivity

9. n tuberculosis, microorganisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, adopt a prolonged dormant state (latency) in response to low oxygen and nutrient levels, aided by the waxy MTB cell wall. These dormant organisms can persist in tissues, potentially reactivating after an extended period, complicating tuberculosis treatment and eradication efforts due to this adaptive strategy. Latent vs. Active Tuberculosis:

10. Diagnosing TB Ac c u r a t e dia gn o s i s of T B i n v ol v e s c h e st X- r a y s , spu t um t ests, a n d s k in t e sts li k e th e M an t oux t e s t . E a r ly de t ec ti o n is v i ta l t o p re v ent t h e sp r ea d of th e d i s ea se.

11. T r eat m e n t App r oaches Tuberculosis treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics, such as isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol, taken for several months. Adherence to the prescribed regimen is vital to ensure complete eradication of the infection and prevent drug resistance. .

12. Drug-Resistant TB T h e em e r gen c e of drug - r esistant T B p o ses a significant c hallen ge. Drug-resistant tuberculosis occurs when the bacteria no longer respond to standard antibiotics. requiring more prolonged and complex drug regimens. Prevention involves strict adherence to medication schedules and global efforts to curb antibiotic misuse

13. Preventing TB Spread Preventing tuberculosis involves vaccination (BCG), identifying and treating latent infections, and ensuring proper ventilation in crowded settings. Public health measures, education, and early detection contribute to controlling the spread, fostering a comprehensive approach to tuberculosis prevention

14. T hanks!