Turmeric Essential Oil: Therapeutic Potential.pdf

urmeric Essential Oil: Extraction and Therapeutic Potential

Derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L., turmeric essential oil is a concentrated extract containing bioactive compounds including:

[Curcumin] (diferuloylmethane)
[Ar-turmerone]
[α-turmerone] and [β-turmerone]
These constituents exhibit synergistic pharmacological effects:

Anti-Inflammatory Action

Modulates NF-κB and COX-2 pathways, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (Jurenka, 2009). Effective in managing arthritis pain and swelling.

Antioxidant Capacity

Neutralizes free radicals via phenolic groups in curcuminoids, protecting against oxidative stress-related disorders (Li et al., 2019).

Oncological Applications

Demonstrates chemopreventive effects through:

Apoptosis induction in cancer cells
Angiogenesis inhibition
STAT3 signaling pathway suppression (Vareed et al., 2018)
Neurological Benefits

Crosses blood-brain barrier to:

Reduce β-amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's
Enhance BDNF levels for depression management
Dermatological Efficacy

Accelerates wound healing through:

Collagen synthesis stimulation
Antimicrobial action against S. aureus and P. acnes
Clinical Applications

Current research supports its use in adjuvant therapy for:

Rheumatoid arthritis
Colorectal/breast cancers
Major depressive disorder
Chronic wound management

1. Turmeric Essential Oil: Extraction,
Characterization,Nano-Emulsion and Evaluation
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Presented by :
Ahmed Abdou

2. Content
•Introduction
•Extraction and Characterization of Turmeric Essential Oil
•Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Emulsion
•Evaluation of Bioactivity
•Potential Applications
•Conclusion
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3. Introduction
Turmericessential oil and its medicinal properties:
»Turmeric essential oil is extracted from the roots of the turmeric plant
and is known for its medicinal properties.
»It is rich in compounds like curcumin, ar-turmerone, alpha-
turmerone, and beta-turmerone,
»which have anti-inflammatory,antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-
microbial, and wound-healingproperties (Li et al., 2019).
»Studies have shown that turmeric essential oil can be effective in the
treatment of conditions like arthritis, cancer, Alzheimer's disease,
depression, and skin diseases (Vareedet al., 2018; Jurenka, 2009).
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4. Introduction
limitations of turmeric essential oil:
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»Turmeric essential oil has several limitations that can affect its use in various applications.
» One of the primary limitations is its limited solubility in water, which can make it challenging to formulate in
aqueous-based products.
» Additionally, turmeric essential oil has poor stability due to its susceptibility to oxidation and degradation, which
can lead to a reduction in its bioactivity.
»Studies have shown that the limited solubility of turmeric essential oil in water can be attributed to the hydrophobic
nature of its compounds like curcumin, which makes it difficult to disperse in water (Wang et al., 2018).

5. Introduction
Nano-emulsion encapsulation as a promising approach to overcome these limitations
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»Nano-emulsion encapsulation is a promising approach to overcome the limitations of turmeric essential oil, including its
limited solubility in water and poor stability.
» Nano-emulsion encapsulation can enhance the solubility and stability of turmeric essential oil by encapsulating it
within nanosized droplets, which can protect it from degradation and oxidation, and improve its bioavailability (Wang et
al., 2021).
» Several studies have reported the successful preparation of nano-emulsion encapsulated turmeric essential oil,
which have enhanced bioactivity and stability.
»For example, a study by Zhang et al. (2020) reported the successful preparation of a turmeric essential oil nano-emulsion
using soy protein isolate and Tween 80 as emulsifiers, which exhibited improved antioxidant activity and stability
compared to the unencapsulated oil.
»Similarly, another study by Yin et al. (2021) reported the successful preparation of a turmeric essential oil nano-emulsion
using whe
y protein isolate and gum arabicas emulsifiers, which exhibited
improved solubility and stability in simulated
gastrointestinal fluids.

6. 6
Extraction and Characterization of Turmeric Essential Oil
steam distillation to extract turmeric essential oil from turmeric roots
»Steam distillation is the most common method used for the extraction of turmeric
essential oil from turmeric roots.
»The process involves the following steps:
1.Preparation of raw materials: Turmeric roots are harvested and cleaned to
remove any dirt.
2.Chopping: The cleaned turmeric roots are chopped into small pieces to increase
the surface area and facilitate the extraction process.
3.Loading into the still: The chopped turmeric roots are loaded into a still or a
distillation apparatus.
4.steam:Water is heated to produce steam, which is introduced into the still
containing the turmeric roots. The steam passes through the turmeric roots,
causing the essential oil to vaporize.

7. 7
Extraction and Characterization of Turmeric Essential Oil
steam distillation to extract turmeric essential oil from turmeric roots
5.Condensation: The vaporized essential oil and steam mixture is then passed through a condenser,
where it is cooled and converted back into a liquid.
6.Separation:The resulting liquid is a mixture of turmeric essential oil and water, which are separated
using a separating funnel.
7.Collection and storage: The collected turmeric essential oil is stored in a dark, cool, and dry place to
preserve its quality and stability.
»Several studies have reported the successful extraction of turmeric essential oil using steam
distillation.
»For example, a study by Prasad et al. (2016) reported the extraction of turmeric essential oil using a
Clevenger-type apparatus and reported a yield of 2.2% (v/w) from fresh turmeric roots. Similarly,
»another study by Mohammed et al. (2018) reported the extraction of turmeric essential oil using a
steam distillation apparatus and reported a yield of 0.3% (v/w) from dried turmeric rhizomes.

8. 8
Extraction and Characterization of Turmeric Essential Oil
The importance of further purification to obtain a pure essential oil
»Further purification is essential to obtain a pure essential oil from turmeric
that is free from any impurities and contaminants.
»Purification techniques involve the removal of unwanted components such
as terpenes, fats, and waxes that may affect the quality, stability, and
bioactivity of the essential oil.
»The following are some reasons why further purification is essential:
1.To improve the quality of the essential oil: The presence of impurities can
affect the color, odor, and flavor of the essential oil, reducing its overall
quality.
2.To increase the stability of the essential oil: Impurities can also cause the
essential oil to degrade more quickly, reducing its shelf life and overall
stability.

9. 9
Extraction and Characterization of Turmeric Essential Oil
The importance of further purification to obtain a pure essential oil
3.To enhance the bioactivity of the essential oil: The presence of unwanted
components can also reduce the bioactivity of the essential oil.
»Several studies have reported the importance of further purification of
turmeric essential oil.
»For example, a study by Gopalan et al. (2015) reported the purification of
turmeric essential oil using column chromatography, which resulted in a
pure oil with enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activity.
»Similarly, another study by Singh et al. (2019) reported the purification of
turmeric essential oil using fractional distillation and reported an increase in
the yield and purity of the oil.

10. 10
Extraction and Characterization of Turmeric Essential Oil
Techniques used for the characterization of turmeric essential oil
»Several techniques are used for the characterization of turmeric essential
oil, including (GC-MS), density measurement, and refractive index
determination.
»These techniques are used to identify and quantify the chemical
constituents of the essential oil, as well as to determine its physical
properties.
»The following are some details about these techniques:
1.Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS): GC-MS is a widely used
technique for the analysis of essential oils.
GC-MS can provide detailed information about the chemical composition of
the essential oil, including the identity and concentration of each
constituent.

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Extraction and Characterization of Turmeric Essential Oil
Techniques used for the characterization of turmeric essential oil
2.Density measurement: Density measurement is a technique used to determine the mass per unit volume of
the essential oil.
-Density is an important physical property of essential oils, as it can affect their behavior in different
applications.
3.Refractive index determination: Refractive index determination is a technique used to measure the degree to
which the essential oil bends light as it passes through it.
-The refractive index of an essential oil can provide information about its purity, as well as its chemical
composition.
»Several studies have reported the use of these techniques for the characterization of turmeric essential oil.
»For example, a study by Jirovetzet al. (2003) used GC-MS to identify and quantify the chemical constituents
of turmeric essential oil.
»Another study by Chouhan and Sharma (2011) reported the use of density measurement and refractive index
determination to determine the physical properties of turmeric essential oil.

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Extraction and Characterization of Turmeric Essential Oil
Components of the nano-emulsion, including turmeric essential oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant
»Nano-emulsions are a type of emulsion in which droplet sizes are in the nanometer range. The
components of a nano-emulsion typically include oil, water, surfactant, and co-surfactant.
»The oil component in a nano-emulsion is usually an essential oil or lipid, such as turmeric essential oil.
»The surfactant and co-surfactant components are used to stabilize the emulsion and prevent the oil
droplets from recombining again.
»The following are some details about these components:
1.Essential oil: Turmeric essential oil is a volatile oil extracted from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma
longa L.).
2.Surfactant: A surfactant is a compound that can reduce the surface tension between two immiscible
liquids, such as oil and water. Examples of surfactants used in nano-emulsions include Tween 80,
lecithin, and sodium dodecyl sulfate.

13. 13
Extraction and Characterization of Turmeric Essential Oil
Components of the nano-emulsion, including turmeric essential oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant
3.Co-surfactant: A co-surfactant is a compound that is often used in conjunction with a surfactant
to help stabilize the emulsion. Examplesof co-surfactants used in nano-emulsions include
propylene glycol, ethanol, and glycerol.
»Several studies have reported the use of different surfactants and co-surfactants in the
preparation of nano-emulsions containing turmeric essential oil.
»For example, a study by Kumar et al. (2019) used Tween 80 and propylene glycol as surfactant
and co-surfactant, respectively, to prepare a nano-emulsion of turmeric essential oil.
»Another study by Mousavi et al. (2020) used lecithin and ethanol as surfactant and co-
surfactant, respectively, to prepare a nano-emulsion containing turmeric essential oil for use as
an antimicrobial agent.

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Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Emulsion
High-energy methods used to reduce the droplet size of the emulsion to the
nanometer range;
»Ultrasonicationis a process that involves the use of high-frequency sound
waves to create cavitation, which leads to the formation of nano-sized
droplets.
»High-pressure homogenization involves the use of high-pressure forces to
break down the emulsion droplets into smaller sizes.
»Micro-fluidizationis a process that involves the use of microchannels to
reduce the droplet size of emulsions.
»Several studies have reported the successful preparation of turmeric essential
oil nano-emulsions using these high-energy methods.
»For example, a study by Wang et al. (2018) reported the successful
preparation of a turmeric essential oil nano-emulsion using ultrasonication.
»Similarly, a study by Shen et al. (2019) reported the successful preparation of
a turmeric essential oil nano-emulsion using high-pressure homogenization.

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Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Emulsion
Techniques used for the characterization of the nano-emulsion;
»To characterize the nano-emulsion, several techniques can be used to
determine the droplet size, zeta potential, and morphology.
»Some of the commonly used techniques are:
1.Dynamic light scattering (DLS): DLS is a non-invasive technique used to
measure the size distribution of particles in a sample. DLS is widely used
to measure the size distribution of nano-emulsions.
2.Electrophoretic light scattering (ELS): ELS is a technique used to
measure the zeta potential of the particles in a solution.
3.Transmission electron microscopy (TEM): TEM is a high-resolution
imaging technique that is used to visualize the morphology of the
particles in a sample.

16. 16
Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Emulsion
Techniques used for the characterization of the nano-emulsion;
»Several studies have used these techniques to characterize nano-emulsions
containing turmeric essential oil.
»For example, a study by Kumar et al. (2019) used DLS to measure the
droplet size of a nano-emulsion containing turmeric essential oil. The
results showed that the mean droplet size was 35 nm with a PDI of 0.20,
indicating a narrow size distribution.
»Another study by Jafari et al. (2016) used TEM to visualize the morphology
of the nano-emulsion containing turmeric essential oil. The images showed
that the droplets were spherical in shape and had a uniform size
distribution.

17. 17
Evaluation of Bioactivity
The importance of evaluating the bioactivity of the nano-emulsion;
»Evaluating the bioactivity of nano-emulsions containing turmeric essential oil is important to
determine their potential therapeutic applications.
»The bioactivity of the nano-emulsion can be evaluated through various in vitro and in vivo assays.
» In vitro assays involve testing the effect of the nano-emulsion on cells or enzymes, while in vivo
assays involve testing the effect of the nano-emulsion on animals or humans.
» Several studies have evaluated the bioactivity of nano-emulsions containing turmeric essential oil.
» For example, a study by Priyadharshini et al. (2020) evaluated the antioxidant activity of a nano-
emulsion containing turmeric essential oil using in vitro assays. The results showed that the nano-
emulsion exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to the pure essential oil.

18. 18
Evaluation of Bioactivity
The importance of evaluating the bioactivity of the nano-emulsion;
»Another study by Kumar et al. (2019) evaluated the antimicrobial activity of a nano-emulsion
containing turmeric essential oil using in vitro assays. The results showed that the nano-emulsion
exhibited higher antimicrobialactivity compared to the pure essential oil.
»In addition, some studies have also evaluated the in vivo bioactivity of nano-emulsions containing
turmeric essential oil.
»For example, a study by Siddique et al. (2021) evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of a nano-
emulsion containing turmeric essential oil in animal models. The results showed that the nano-
emulsion exhibited higher anti-inflammatoryactivity compared to the pure essential oil.
»Overall, evaluating the bioactivity of nano-emulsions containing turmeric essential oil is important to
determine their potential therapeutic applications and to optimize their formulation for specific
purposes.

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Evaluation of Bioactivity
Assays used for measuring the antioxidant activity,(DPPH)
»Assays used for measuring the antioxidant activity of nano-emulsions containing turmeric essential
oil are important to determine their potential therapeutic applications.
»The antioxidant activity of the nano-emulsion can be evaluated using various assays, such as the
DPPH radical scavenging assay.
»One of the most commonly used assays to measure the antioxidant activity of nano-emulsions
containing turmeric essential oil is the DPPH radical scavenging assay.

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Evaluation of Bioactivity
Assays used for measuring the antioxidant activity, (DPPH)
»Several studies have used the DPPH radical scavenging assay to measure the antioxidant activity of
nano-emulsions containing turmeric essential oil.
»For example, Priyadharshiniet al. (2020) used the DPPH assay to evaluate the antioxidant activity of
a nano-emulsion containing turmeric essential oil. The results showed that the nano-emulsion
exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to the pure essential oil.
»Overall,the DPPH radical scavenging assay is a reliable and widely used assay for evaluating the
antioxidant activity of nano-emulsions containing turmeric essential oil.

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Potential Applications
Potential Applications of Nano-Emulsion in Food Industry
»Nano-emulsion has a wide range of applications in the food industry,
including encapsulation of bioactive compounds, flavor and aroma
enhancement, and improved texture and stability of food products.
»The following are some potential applications of nano-emulsion in the food
industry:
1.Encapsulation of Nutraceuticals: Nano-emulsion encapsulation can be used
to enhance the bioavailability and stability of nutraceuticals, such as
vitamins, antioxidants, and polyphenols. This can lead to the development
of functional foods with improved health benefits. (Narayanan et al., 2020)
2.Flavor and Aroma Enhancement: Nano-emulsion can be used to encapsulate
and deliver flavor and aroma compounds to food products. This can
enhance the sensory properties of food products and improve consumer
acceptance. (Chen et al., 2019)
3
.Improved Texture and Stability: Nano-emulsion can be used to improve the
texture and stability of food products, such as emulsions, dressings, and
sauces. This can improve the shelf life and quality of food products. (Jafari et
al., 2019)

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Potential Applications
Potential Applications of Nano-Emulsion in Pharmaceutical Industry:
»Nano-emulsion has a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical
industry, including drug delivery, wound healing, and cancer therapy. The
following are some potential applications of nano-emulsion in the
pharmaceutical industry:
1. Drug Delivery: Nano-emulsion can be used as a carrier for poorly soluble
drugs, such as curcumin, to enhance their bioavailability and therapeutic
efficacy. (Meka et al., 2020)
2. Wound Healing: Nano-emulsion can be used to deliver bioactive
compounds, such as essential oils, to promote wound healing and tissue
regeneration. (Ghosh et al., 2019)
3. Cancer Therapy: Nano-emulsion can be
used as a carrier for anticancer
drugs, such as paclitaxel, to improve their solubility and target specificity.
(Wang et al., 2019)

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Conclusion
Benefits of nano-emulsion encapsulation for enhancing the stability and
bioactivity of turmeric essential oil
»Turmeric essential oil has numerous medicinal properties, but its limited
solubility in water and poor stability are major limitations.
»Nano-emulsion encapsulation has emerged as a promising approach to
overcome these limitations and enhance the stability and bioactivity of
turmeric essential oil.
»The process of steam distillation is commonly used to extract turmeric
essential oil from turmeric roots, but further purification is necessary to
obtain a pure essential oil.
»Characterization techniques such as GC-MS, density measurement, and
refractive index determination are used to identify and quantify the
components of the essential oil.

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Conclusion
Benefits of nano-emulsion encapsulation for enhancing the stability and
bioactivity of turmeric essential oil
»The nano-emulsion is composed of turmeric essential oil, surfactant, and
co-surfactant, and is characterized using techniques such as DLS, ELS, and
TEM.
»Evaluating the bioactivity of the nano-emulsion is important, and assays
such as the DPPH radical scavenging assay and disc diffusion method are
commonly used to measure the antioxidant and antibacterial activity,
respectively.
»Overall, nano-emulsion encapsulation offers numerous benefits for
enhancing the stability and bioactivity of turmeric essential oil, making it a
promising approach for future research and development of natural
products with medicinal properties.

25. Thank you
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