Type of rig

All types of rigs are covered

1. TYPE OF RIGS TYPES OF RIGS SHAILESH ARUN GADKARI MSC PETROTEC SINHGAD COLLEGE OF SCIENCE

2. LAND RIGS

3. DEFINITION A Land Rig is a drilling rig which is specially designed to drill holes on onshore locations Some of the major components of a land rig are: Mud tanks Mud pumps Mast / Derrick Top drive also known as rotary table Drill string Draw works Primary power generation equipment & auxiliary power generation equipment.

4. Each rig type serves a different purpose and Key differentiation factors in drilling rigs are: Lifting capacity Horse power Number of mud pumps and its power and ability to circulate drilling fluid Size 

5. While mobile rigs have a limited use, light conventional rigs are the most widely used. However, with shale drilling, multilaterals, directional wells, HP/HT and sour wells, the use of hi-tech and high horse power rigs has been gaining momentum and the demand for these heavy rigs have been increasing. In addition, ambient temperatures (e.g. deserts) can place more pressure on land drilling rig efficiency. 

6. During the exploration stage.   Rigs are used to drill exploration wells and 'wildcat' wells in locations with the potential for hydrocarbon-bearing geological structures, after being identified from analysing the results from various geological studies and the seismic survey . Most of the time, vertical wells are drilled to ensure safety and well stability, and to acquire quality and sufficient subsurface data/knowledge.

7. During the appraisal stage Rigs are used to drill several wells to understand flow rates, the reservoir dynamics and the size and limits of the reservoir in order to confirm the assumption that hydrocarbons can be economically produced.

8. During the development stage.  Rigs are used to drill wells (at a much higher level of activity) to the depth of a productive zone of the reservoir. Wells in this point could be vertical, horizontal or deviated, and could be drilled on a grid or on a pad.

9. During the production stage  Rigs are used to drill more wells, also known as infield drilling or repair/work over existing wells. Depending on the complexity, a smaller work-over rig may be used for a work-over programme and well repair or production enhancements or for other well treatments

10. LAND RIG The main features of land rigs are portability and maximum operating depth. Land rigs are built so that the derrick can be moved easily and reused for drilling new holes. The various rigs components are skid-mounted so that the rig can be moved in units and connected easily. The jackknife, or cantilever, derrick is assembled on the ground with pins and then raised as a unit using the rig-hoisting equipment.

11. CREW MEMBERS CAN MOVES LAND RIG ON TRAUCK,TRACTOR,HELICOPRTER, HEAVY ROLLING GEAR SMALL LAND RIG MOVE TO PREITY SIMPLE COMPARING TO ULTRAHEAVY LAND RIG The  price of oil rigs for land drilling in the U.S. typically starts at around $18 million to $20 million and rises to around $25 million or more

12. DUTY DEPTH FEET METER LIGHT DUTY RIG 3OOO-5000 1000-1500 MEDIUM DUTY RIG 4000-10000 1200-3000 HEAVY DUTY RIG 12000-16000 3500-5000 ULTRAHEAVY DUTY RIG 18000-25000 5500-7500

13. video LAND RIG MOVE ACTION IN LAND RIG CONSTRUCTION OF LAND RIG

14. TYPES OF OFFSHORE RIG

15. DEFINITION OF OFFSHORE RIG An  offshore rig  is a large structure on or in water with facilities to drill wells, to extract and process oil and natural gas, and to temporarily store product until it can be brought to shore for refining and marketing .

16. CATEGORY DESCRIPTION Drilling rigs are some of the most important pieces of oilfield equipment They are used during a number of stages throughout oil and gas fields' lifecycles. See the summary below for descriptions of how offshore rigs are used throughout oil and gas fields' lifecycles

17. During the exploration stage Rigs are used to drill exploration wells and ‘wildcat' wells for potential hydrocarbon-bearing geological structures after various geological studies and seismic surveys have identified locations in which these structures could be placed. Most of the time, vertical wells are drilled to ensure safety and well stability and to acquire sufficiently high-quality subsurface data and knowledge.

18. During the appraisal stage.  Rigs are used to drill several wells to understand flow rates and reservoir dynamics and to determine the size and limits of the reservoir in order to confirm the assumption that hydrocarbons can be produced economically. 

19. During the development stage.  Rigs are used to drill wells (at a much higher level of activity) to the depth of a productive zone of the reservoir At this point, wells can be vertical, horizontal or deviated, and they can be drilled on a grid or on a pad. 

20. During the production stage.  Rigs are used to drill more wells, also known as repair/work-over wells, to fix existing wells This practice is also known as infield drilling Depending on the complexity of the job, a smaller work-over rig may be used for a work-over program to repair wells, enhance production or provide other well treatments.  

21. TYPES OF OFFSHORE RIG

22. The key differentiation factors in offshore drilling rigs are as follows: Rated water depth  Drilling depth  Leg length (for jack-ups) Accommodation  Lifting capacity  Top drive system  Number of mud pumps and the power and ability to circulate drilling fluid

23. Offshore drilling are divided into two types: Fixed structure types and Floating structure types.

24. JACKUP RIG JACK UP RIGS

25. Jack-up rig The rig's floating platform is towed into position by barges, then lowers its support legs down to the sea floor, raising the rig above the water's surface. The platform can then be adjusted to varying heights along its tall legs, essentially using the same principle employed by a tire jack (hence the name).

26. Jack-up rigs were traditionally used in shallow water because it wasn't practical to lower their legs to great depths  Jack-up rigs can only work in water depths less than the length of their legs, typically limiting operations to less than 150 meters/500 feet .

27. VIDEO 1)JACKUP RIG MOVE 2)HOW DOES IT WORK JACKUP RIG

28. GRAVITY BASED STRACTURE GRAVITY BASED STRUCTURE

29. Gravity type platforms As the name suggests, the concrete gravity structure is reliant on its own weight, and the capability of the seabed to maintain that weight, in order to remain stable. They are designed particularly with storm conditions in mind. Like other types of structure, they come in multiple design variations, and may be made out of concrete, steel, or a combination of the two. Concrete gravity structures were first used in the Ekofisk Field off Norway, although the design principle had previously been used in lighthouse construction

30. Concrete gravity structures can be used in water depths up to 160 meters and with weights of over 300,000 tonnes .

31. BERKUT OIL RIG The Berkut Oil Rig is the biggest oil rig in the world , weighing in at a staggering 200,000 tons . Located in the Sea oN Russian Pacific Coast just north of Japan , the rig is expected to extract 4.5 million tons of oil per year. It has been built to exploit the vast oil reserves of the Arkutun-Dagi field , which spreads 60km from the Russian coast and contains recoverable oil reserves estimated at 72 million tons.

32. Berkut , which means ‘Golden Eagle’ in Russian, is believed to have cost around $12 billion to build. 45 wells are being drilled including 28 oil producing wells , 16 water injection wells and a cutting re-injection well. The oil extracted at Berkut will be processed at the Chaivo onshore processing facility before being transported by pipeline to DeKastri oil export terminal, one of the largest oil terminals in the Far East. 

33. The platform is built on a gravity-based structure (GBS) which is fixed to the seabed at a depth of 35 metres . The GBS was built at Vostochny Port in eastern Russia and used an estimated 52,000m³ of concrete and 27,000 tons of steel reinforcing bar The rig has been designed to withstand temperatures as low as -44 degrees Celsius   This protective belt will also brace the structure against waves up to 18 metres high. The rig can also survive earthquakes. 

34. VIDEO GBS STRUCTURE

35. Compliant tower Compliant tower

36. Compliant tower:  Compliant-tower rigs are similar to fixed platforms, since both are anchored to the seabed and hold most of their equipment above the surface. But compliant towers are taller and narrower, and unlike fixed platforms, they sway with the wind and water almost as if they were floating. This is possible because their jackets are broken into two or more sections, with the lower part serving as the base for the upper jacket and surface facilities.

37.  the compliant tower system is strong enough to withstand  hurricane conditions. water depths ranging from 1,500 to 3,000 feet (450 to 900 m). At present the deepest is the  Chevron  Petronius tower in waters 623m deep. The first tower emerged in the early 1980s with the installation of Exxon's Lena oil platform .

38. VIDEO

39. Submersible Rig

40. Submersible Rig Submersible drilling rigs are similar to barge rigs but suitable for open ocean waters of relative shallow depth. The drilling structure is supported by large submerged pontoons that are flooded and rest on the seafloor when drilling. After the well is completed, the water is pumped out of the tanks to restore buoyancy and the vessel is towed to the next location A Submersible rig is a larger version of a posted barge and is capable of water depths of 18ft to 160ft. 

41. Semisubmersible rig

42. Semisubmersible Rig  Semisubmersible Rig. They are the most common type of offshore drilling rigs, combining the advantages of submersible rigs with the ability to drill in deep water. The semisubmersible rig does not rest on the seafloor . This rig is a floating deck supported by submerged pontoons and kept stationary by a series of anchors and mooring lines, and, in some cases, position-keeping propellers. Semi-submersible can be used in depths from 200 to 1800 meters.

43. Types Of Semisubs Based on the way the rig is submerged in the water, there are two main types of semisubmersibles : bottle-type semisubs and column-stabilized semisubs .

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45. tension leg platform rig

46. tension-leg platform  (TLP) Tension-leg Platform. It consists of a floating surface structure held in place by taut, vertical tendons connected to the seafloor. These long, flexible legs allow for significant side to side movement, with little vertical movement. normally used for the offshore production of  oil or  gas , and is particularly suited for water depths greater than 300 metres (about 1000 ft) and less than 1500 metres (about 4900 ft). Use of tension-leg platforms has also been proposed for wind turbines

47. SEA STARS PLATFROM

48. Seastars platforms Seastars platforms  are mini Tension Leg Platforms of relatively low cost, used in water depths between 200 and 1000 meters. They can also be used as utility, satellite or early production platforms for larger deep water discoveries.

49. SPAR PLATFROM

50. Spar Platform  Spar platforms are among the largest offshore platforms in use. These huge platforms consist of a large cylinder supporting a typical fixed rig platform. The cylinder however does not extend all the way to the seafloor, but instead tethered to the bottom by a series of cables and lines. The large cylinder serves to stabilize the platform in the water, and allows for movement to absorb the force of potential hurricanes.

51. A typical spar platform in the Gulf of Mexico has a 130-foot-wide cylinder, and about 90 percent of its overall structure is hidden underwater. Spar cylinders are available at depths up to 3,000 feet, but existing technology can extend this to about 10,000 feet, making them one of the deepest-drilling types of offshore rigs in use

52. VIDEO

53. DRILLSHIP

54. DrillShips Drillships are most often utilized for extremely deep water drilling at remote locations. A “ floater” like the semisubmersible, a drillship must maintain its position at the drilling position by anchors and mooring lines , or by computer-controlled dynamic positioning equipment. Most drillships have greater storage capacity than other types of rigs, allowing efficient operation at remote locations.

55. drillships have extensive mooring or positioning equipment, as well as a helipad to receive supplies and transport staff. drillships work in water depths ranging from 2,000 to more than 10,000 feet (610 to 3,048 meters). Drillships are differentiated from other offshore drilling units by their easy mobility. While semisubmersible rigs can also drill in deep waters, drillships are able to propel themselves from well to well and location to location, unlike semisubs , which must rely on an outside transport vessel to transfer them from place to place.

56. Transocean, Pride, Seadrill , Frontier Drilling and Noble are a few of the companies that own and operate drillships globally

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