types of ac system and its different types

ac information as per tonnage

1. TYPES OF AIR CONIDTIONING SYSTEM

2. Air Conditioning (AC): The process of controlling the temperature, humidity, and air quality within a space to provide a comfortable indoor environment. Air Conditioning System: A system that performs air conditioning, typically including components like compressors, condensers, evaporators, and refrigerants, works together to cool, dehumidify, and filter indoor air . AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM What is Air conditioning and Air conditioning systems?

3. FUNCTION OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM Temperature control : Through air conditioning control, the temperature i.e. the desired temperature can be maintained , not necessarily coolness. During winter, instead of coolness, warmth can be maintained. Humidity : Reduce humidity level, preventing mold growth and damage to furniture and structure Ventilation : In an AC ventilation involves supply of fresh air, it’s circulation, distribution and exhaust. It usually airtight and requires fresh air for occupants to feel fresh and comfortable. Dust : Minute articles in air some of which we cannot even see are filtered also apart from dust smoke and fumes are also filtered by the AC. Noise : The noise level of more than 50 db [decibel] is considered as noise.

4. HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning . A residential HVAC system is a complete home comfort system that can heat and cool your home, as well as provide improved indoor air quality and humidity control. What is HVAC? Commonly used in residential, commercial, industrial health care and educational. ROOFTOP HVAC UNIT WITH THE VIEW OF FRESH AIR INTAKE VENT

5. Development & Timeline Birth of Modern AC (Early 1900s) In 1902 , American engineer Willis Carrier invents the first modern electrical air conditioning unit. 1920s: Air conditioning systems are introduced in commercial buildings 1950s-1960s : Air conditioning systems gain popularity in homes and offices 1970s-1980s : Introduction of more energy-efficient and compact models 1990s-2000s : Development of advanced features like programmable thermostats, variable speed compressors, and better refrigerants. 2020s: Continued advancements in energy efficiency, smart HVAC systems. 2024 : Air conditioning technology continues to evolve with improvements in energy efficiency, smart controls, and eco-friendly refrigerants . Willis Carrier

6. INTRA CIRCULATORY SYSTEM In this system, the AC pulls up the hot air of a volume and after passing it through cooling coils, throws it back in the volume directly or through duct. For example: Window AC , Portable AC etc EXTRA CIRCULATORY SYSTEM In this system, the AC pulls external fresh air and after passing it through cooling coil, throws it in the volume directly or indirectly through duct For example: Split AC, Tower AC, Cassette AC, Ductable AC/ Package AC and Centralized AC Types Of AC System

7. A window air conditioner is a simple and self-contained air conditioning unit. WINDOW AC Features : Adjustable louvers, remote controls, energy efficiency ratings (EER), and air filters. Advantages : Easy installation, affordability, and portability. Usage : Common in residential settings and small commercial spaces due to their simplicity and effectiveness in single-room applications. Tonnage: 0.5 ton minimum to 2 ton maximum

8. Compression : The refrigerant gas is compressed, increasing its temperature and pressure. Condensation : The hot gas flows through condenser coils, releasing heat to the outdoor air. The refrigerant turns back into a liquid. Dryer : A component in the refrigerant cycle designed to remove moisture and contaminants from the refrigerant to protect the system from corrosion, freezing, and clogging. Evaporation : Warm indoor air passes over cold evaporator coils. The refrigerant inside these coils absorbs heat from the air, turning it from a liquid to a gas. Expansion : The liquid refrigerant expands, becoming cold again, and the cycle repeats. REFRIGERATION CYCLE

9. Parts of Window AC

10. A split air conditioner (A/C) is a type of air conditioning system that consists of two main components: an indoor unit and an outdoor unit. . SPLIT AC Function: Cools or heats a room by circulating refrigerant between the indoor and outdoor units Efficiency: Typically more energy-efficient with better air distribution newer models include inverter technology for improved efficiency. Maintenance: Requires regular cleaning of filters and periodic servicing of both indoor and outdoor units. Tonnage : 0.75 minimum and 2.5/ 3 ton maximum .

11. . SPLIT AC REFRIGERATION CYCLE Internal unit : Internal unit contains evaporator coil and expansion valve . External unit : External unit contains compressor and condenser coil .

12. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WINDOW AC SPLIT AC Single unit: All components (compressor, condenser, evaporator) are housed in one unit.   Installation: Placed in a window opening.   Noise: Louder due to the compressor being inside the unit.   Cost: Generally cheaper.   Cooling capacity: Typically lower, suitable for smaller rooms. Two units: Indoor unit (evaporator) and outdoor unit (compressor, condenser).   Installation: Indoor unit mounted on the wall, outdoor unit placed outside.   Noise: Quieter as the compressor is located outdoors.   Cost: Generally more expensive.   Cooling capacity: Offers a wider range of capacities, suitable for larger spaces.

13. A portable air conditioner is a self-contained cooling unit that can be easily moved from room to room. PORTABLE AC Features: Built-in wheels, flexible exhaust hoses, remote controls, multiple fan speeds, and dehumidifying functions. Advantages : Easy installation, portability, and versatility in cooling different rooms as needed. Usage : Common in residential spaces, offices, and places where permanent installation of AC units is not feasible. Tonnage: Portable air conditioners typically range from 1 minimum to 2 tons maximum.

14. Portable AC refrigerant cycle diagram

15. TOWER A/C A tower air conditioner is a type of floor-standing air conditioner that combines the functionality of a split air conditioner with the portability and design of a tower fan. Features: High cooling capacity, powerful airflow, remote controls, digital displays, energy efficiency ratings, and air purification function. Advantages: High performance in cooling large areas, easy to install, and often come with advanced features for improved air quality. Usage: Common in large residential rooms, open-plan living areas, commercial spaces, and places requiring high-capacity cooling. Tonnage : Tower air conditioners start at around 1.5 tons minimum to 4 tons maximum.

16. Tower AC refrigerant cycle diagram

17. Cassette air conditioners are compact units typically installed in drop ceilings. Feature: They offer efficient cooling for individual rooms or small spaces. Advantage: A ir flow and cooling is easier to manage, known for their quite operation. Tonnage : 1.5 ton minimum to 6 ton maximum U sage: Residential spaces and Commercial spaces. Cassette AC

18. One-Way Air is discharged in a single direction, typically downward. Suitable for smaller rooms or areas where air distribution is not a major concern. Two-Way Air is discharged in two directions, typically downward and upward. Provides better air circulation than one-way systems. Three-Way Air is discharged in three directions: downward, upward, and horizontally. Offers the most even air distribution . Four-Way With the ability to discharge air in four different directions, this type is a good pick for complex layouts and larger areas .

19. ONE WAY CASSEETE AC TWO WAY CASSEETE AC THREE WAY CASSEETE AC FOUR WAY CASSEETE AC

20. CENTRALISED AC A centralized air conditioning (AC) system is a cooling system designed to provide uniform temperature control throughout an entire building or large area from a single, central unit. Supply ducts and registers openings in the walls, floors, or ceilings covered by grills carry cooled air from the air conditioner to the space. Features : One of the other benefits of this system is the air pushed through the ducts is filtered. The air quality of your home will improve Tonnage :10 minimum to 500 ton maximum. Usage : Residential and Commercial spaces.

21. CENTRALIZED AC VENT

22. CENTRALIZED AC OUTDOOR PLANT

23. Centralized air conditioning duct Centralized system Central plant system All the parts of central plant unit are assembled at site rather than in factory. Plant room requires larger area

24. DUCTABLE AC/ Package AC Packaged ducted air conditioning system, combines the features of both Ductable and packaged AC systems. Feature : It is a single unit that houses all the components (compressor, condenser, and evaporator) and is designed to be connected to a ductwork system for distributing conditioned air throughout a building Ducted and non ducted : In ducted systems, the conditioned air is distributed through a network of ducts to different area of the building. In non ducted system, the unit itself delivers air directly into the space. Usage : Residential and Commercial spaces. Tonnage: 5 ton minimum to 100 ton maximum

25. Package ac diagram Package ac installation

26. Vertical water cool package unit

27. Vertical air cool package   horizontal air cool package

28. Installation

29. VRV SYSTEMS VRV (Variable Refrigerant Volume) systems are advanced air conditioning solutions that offer precise climate control for multiple zones within a building. VRV and VRF ( variable refrigerant flow) , are two different terms for the same technology. Because VRV is a trademark of DAIKIN Industries, Ltd, all other companies that copy this technology call it VRF. Tonnage : 1.5 minimum to 14 ton maximum Application: Widely used in both commercial and residential applications due to its efficiency and scalability

30. THANK YOU