TYPES OF ANESTHESIA and its details.pptx

TYPES OF ANESTHESIA and its details.pptx

1. TYPES OF ANESTHESIA Presented by M .Umair Academic coordinator Anesthesia

2. DEFINITION Anesthesia is an artificially induced state of partial or total loss of sensation, occurring with or without loss of consciousness.

3. Selection of Anesthesia depends on many variables. Age and physical condition of the patient Type , location and duration of the surgery Previous Anesthetic history Personal preference and judgement of the Anesthesiologist.

4. TYPES O F A NETHESIA General anesthesia Regional anesthesia

5. 1. General anesthesia: General anesthetics are used to produce loss of consciousness before and after surgery. The medication is eithe r inhale d throug h a breathing mask , tub e or intravenou s route. General anesthesia is best suited for surgery of head, neck, prolonged surgical procedures.

6. S TAGES OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA Stage I : This is also known as induction, it is the period between the administration of induction agents and loss of consciousness. Stage II: It is known as excitement stage, it is from loss of consciousness to loss of eyelid reflexes. During this stage patients respiration and heart rate may become irregular. Stage III: It is known as Surgical anesthesia, respiratory depression, skeletal muscle relax occurs. Stage IV: It also known as Over dose, occur when too much anesthetic medication given. Resulting in cessation of respiratory and potential cardiovascular collapse.

7. T YPES OF G ENERAL ANESTHESIA Intravenou s anesthesia: Whe n anesthesi a i s administered intravenously , clien t experience s unconsciousness abou t 30 seconds after induction. Most commonly used drugs are Thiopental sodium, ketomine, Etomide and Propofol.

8. Inhalation anesthesia: It is a mixture of volatile liquids or vapors or nitrous oxide and oxygen. The vapors are administerd through a mask or an endotracheal tube inserted directly into trachea. The most commonly used inhalations are Halothane, Isoflurane and nitrous oxide.

9. Muscle relaxant: Muscle relaxants are administered intravenously and usually given to facilitate intubation. It block transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles. Common drugs Succinylcholine, Atracurium.

10. 2. Regional anesthesia: Used for local effects. These agents block the conduction of impulses in nerve fibers without depolarizing all the membrane. Sometimes Epinephrine is added for prolonged effect.

11. T YPES OF R EGIONAL ANESTHESIA Topical Anesthesia Infiltration Anesthesia Peripheral nerve block Anesthesia Spinal Anesthesia Epidural Anesthesia

12. T OPICAL A NESTHESIA This is directly applied to an area or on the skin to block nerve impulses at a particular area. These may be in the form of solution , ointment, gel, cream . It i s used i n mino r procedures suc h a s mout h or before a bronchoscopic examinatio n to desensitize the bronchi .

13. Infiltratio n anesthesia: It blocks only th e peripheral nerves around the area of incision. It involves the injection of anesthetic agent such as Lidocaine into the skin.

14. Spinal anesthesia: Anesthesia introduced into the subarachnoid space at the lumbar level, usually between L4 and L5.

15. Epidural anesthesia: It is achieved by injecting local anesthetic agent into epidural space. Needle inserted at the thoracic, lumbar, sacral. It blocks sensory and motor function.

16. Local Anesthesia Local anesthesia is the term used for medications such as lidocaine that are injected with a needle or applied to the skin as a cream to numb a small area. Local anesthesia alone may provide enough pain relief for minor procedures, such as stitching a wound or dental procedures

17. COMPLICATIONS OF A NESTHESIA Nausea and vomiting Hypotension Headache Respiratory paralysis Neurological complications Severe numbness

18. Tutorial videos https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/anesthesiology/types-anesthesia