Types of Building materials.pptx

Types of building materials

1. Ceramics Ceramic is a material consisting of components of metallic and non-metallic elements.

2. Requirement of ceramic Provide resistance to stains. Easy to clean. Non- slippary while wet. Durable. Easy to handle and not so heavy in weight. Properties of ceramic Ceramics are hard , strong and dense material. Low ductility. Good resistance to corrosion. Stable in environment Electric insulators.

3. Types of ceramics crystalline Non-crystalline Glass-bonded Single phase ( MgO , CaO ) Binary phase (FeO-MgO) Ternary phase These are natural and synthetic inorganic glasses. The crystalline phase are held in glassy matrix.

4. Uses of ceramics Bricks Tiles Pipes Chimney Insulators Dental implants Cement Radar domes Transmitter Optical equipments

5. Importance of ceramic Cement- a ceramic material is widely used in building construction. Glass- a ceramic material is used as shelves, decorative articles,etc is important building material. Transparent ceramics provide visibility in case of door, window glass in various building for inhabitants. The water and waste water pipes and fittings are important in building construction. The maintained clean surface of ceramics are giving new look at every instance.

6. TIMBER Timber is a natural building construction material obtained from trees.

7. Requirements of timber Dark uniform colour. Dense. Workable, good machinability. Uniform texture. Freshly cut log surface should emit sweet smell. Free from crakes, splits, warp, etc. When it is struck, it should produce a sonorous sound.

8. Types of timber Natural Industrial Babul Bamboo Banyan Neem Mango Teak Pine Palms Veneers Plywood Fiberboards Impreg timbers Compreg timbers

9. Uses of timber Railway sleepers Bridges Pipes Furniture Packing material Decorative pieces Doors and windows Matchbox Boat Roofs Lintels and arches Flooring Partition wall Rafters

10. Properties of timber Low heat conductivity. Small bulk density. Relatively high strength. It’s volume changes with moisture content. Long life. Importance of timber Used as walls, columns, beams, doors and windows in building construction. Easy to transport due to lesser weight and easy handling. Used in furniture decoration of buildings.

11. Advantages Disadvantages Easy to cut and reshape as per desired dimensions. Locally available. The workers of woodwork easily available. Useful to make door, window, ventilator and furniture of building in construction. Catches fire easily. Can be affected by termite. Not suitable for heavy loads and multistoried structures.

12. PAINTS AND VARNISHES The paints are coatings of fluid materials and they are applied over the surfaces of timber and metal. The varnishes are transparent or nearly transparent solutions of resinous materials and they are applied over the painted surfaces.

13. Requirements of paint Paint applied on a surface should dry within 24 hours. Neither crack nor shrink after drying. Not reveal brush marks after drying. An attractive appearance. The paint film after drying should be impervious and weather resisting. Requirements of varnish The film left by varnish should be shining and glossy. The colour of varnish should not develop cracks on drying.

14. Properties of paints Available in wide range of variety. Available in various colours. Have effect of weather actions. Have resistance to water at certain extent. Spreaded and strached as a layer on base by brushes. Properties of varnish Transparent. Provide shine on old and new wood work. Stretchable to provide thin film or layer on base. Available in black, brown, red like colours. It is possible to make them colourless.

15. Uses of paints and varnish Provide clean, good and colourful attractive appearance to the surface. Prevent decay of wood. Provide corrosion resistance in metal. Varnish brightens the appearance of the grain in wood. Importance of paints and varnish Paints provide a decorative colourful finish. Resist the growth of bacterial and fungus on walls and timber surfaces. Paints and varnishes are provided as film or layer as protective coatings.

16. Types of paint Type of paint Uses Aluminum paint Gas tanks Piers of Marine structure Radiators Hot water pipes Oil storage tanks Cement paint External plastering of building Asbestos paint Structures exposed to acid, steam, gas Cellulose paint Surfaces which are exposed to heat, cold and water. Bituminous paint Ironwork in waterbody Oil paint For woodwork and ironwork of building Plastic paint For all types of building

17. GLASS Glass is an amorphous , inorganic, homogenous, transparent or translucent material.

18. Types of glass Soda-lime glass : Na2O . CaO . 6SiO2 Potash-lime glass : K2O . CaO . 6SiO2 Potash-lead glass : K2O . PbO . 6SiO2 Special varieties of glass : Bullet proof glass Fiber glass Foam glass Glass blocks Obscured glass Safety glass Soluble glass Optical glass Wired glass Ultra- violet glass

19. Uses of glass To make laboratory apparatus. To make optical instruments. Decorative articles. Spectacles, lenses. Windows, doors, ventilators. Prisms Medicine bottles. Glass bricks. Combustion tubes. Cooking utensils. Panel walls, partition walls. Electrical appliances , bulbs, tubes.

20. Properties of glass Available in varieties of colours. No effect of air and water. Resistance to chemicals. Can not deform. Hard. Affected by alkalies. No sharp melting point. Importance of glass Glass blocks cut off the glare but it admits sunlight and controls sound and heat in a better way. Missile contains thousands of glass items.

21. PLASTIC The plastic is an organic substance and it consists of natural or synthetic binders or resins with or without moulding compounds.

22. Requirements of plastics Provide good heat resistance. Their colours should not be faded easily. Possess good strength. Their shape and size should not be distorted easily. Durable with good resistance to cracks and breaks. Uses of plastics They are used to make- Furniture like sofa, table, chair, etc. Optical lenses, spectacles, frames. Handles of tools, cases of machines, covers. Waterproof doors, bags. Sanitary fittings like taps, pipes, valves, etc.

23. Types of plastic Thermo plastic : Linear or chain structure. They are used for toys, electric insulators, pipes, valves, fan blades, etc. Acrylic, P.V.C., polystyrene, polyethylene, nylons, etc. are thermoplastic. Thermosetting plastic : Cross linked or network structure. Telephone receivers, switches, plugs, adhesives, foams, etc. are made from thermosetting plastics. Bakelite, polyesters , malamines, etc. are thermosetting plastics.

24. Properties of plastic Light in weight. Absorb shocks. Free from corrosion. Low thermal and electrical conductivity. Importance of plastic Plastic doors on external walls and in bath w.c. are not affected by water and are easily openable. Decorative and light weight furnitures are easy to clean and rearrange in buildings.