TYPES OF BUILDING Prepared by Reshmy M R

Classification of Buildings

1. TYPES OF BUILDINGS PREPARED BY, RESHMY M. RAJU M. TECH ENVIRONMENTAL ENGG.

2. Buildings Fixed structures for human occupancy and their use

3. NBC definition of Building Any structure for whatsoever materials constructed and every part thereof whether used as human habitation or not and includes foundations, plinth, walls, floors, roofs, chimneys, plumbing and building services, fixed platforms, verandah, balcony cornice or projection, part of a building or anything affixed thereto or any wall enclosing or indented to enclose or intended to enclose any land or space and signs and outdoor display structures. Tents, Shamianas , Tarpaulin shelters etc. are not included.

4. Types of buildings I. Based on occupancy and types of construction

5. Group A : Residential building Sleeping accommodation for normal residential purposes with or without cooking or dining or both

6. Group Name Features Group A1 Lodging or Rooming houses Under same management Separate sleeping accommodations Not more than 15 persons With or without dining facilities but without cooking facilities for individuals Group A2 One or two family Private Dwellings Members of a single family with not more than 20 members If rented to outsiders – should accommodate more than 3 persons Group A3 Dormitories Group sleeping accommodation With or without dining facilities Not members of same family Eg . College dormitories, Military barracks Group A4 Apartment Houses (Flats) Living quarters for two, three or more families Living independently of each other Independent cooking facilities Group A5 Hotels Any building or group of building under single management Sleeping accommodation with or without dining facilities Provided to hire more than 15 persons who are primarily transient Eg . Hotels, Inns, Motels

7. Group B : Educational Buildings Any building meant for education (nursery to University) Used for more than 8 hours per week Provide facilities like class-rooms, staff cabins, drawing rooms, laboratories, assembly hall for multipurpose uses, library, etc. Buildings not covered under Group D also fall in this group

8. Group C : Institutional Buildings Any building or part thereof – used for purposes like medical or other treatment or care of persons suffering from physical or metal illness, diseases or infirmity, care of infants, convalescents for aged persons and for penal or correctional detention Liberty of inmates are restricted Sleeping accommodation for occupants

9. Group C : Institutional Buildings C2. Custodial institutions Used for custody and care of persons such as children, convalescents and the aged Eg . Orphanages, old-age homes C3. Penal institutions Used for housing persons under-restraint who are detained for penal or corrective purposes where the liberty of inmates is restricted Eg . Prisons, mental hospitals C1. Hospitals and Sanatoriums For housing persons suffering from physical limitations because of health or age Eg . Hospitals, infirmaries, clinics

10. Group D : Assembly Buildings Any building or group of building where groups of people assemble or gather for amusement, recreation, social, religious, patriotic or similar purposes Eg . Theatres, cinema halls, assembly halls, restaurants, places of worship like temple, mosque, church, gurudwara etc.

11. Group D : Assembly Buildings Group Features Sub -group D1 Any building with a raised stage, proscenium curtain, fixed or portable scenery or scenery loft, lights etc. Fixed seats over 1000 persons Theatrical or operatic performances and exhibition Sub -group D2 Same as that of D1 but with a capacity less than 1000 persons Sub -group D3 Any building, its lobbies, rooms and other spaces connected thereto, Primarily meant for assembly of more than 300 people Without permanent seating arrangement, raised theatrical stage or theatrical accessories but may be with a raised platform Eg . Dance halls, club halls, passenger terminals and buildings used for educational purposes for less than 8 hours per week Sub -group D4 Same as that of D3 but with a capacity less than 300 persons Sub -group D5 Any building primarily meant for outdoor assembly of people not covered in D1, D2, D3 or D4 Eg . Grand stands, stadia, amusement park structures, reviewing stands and circus tends

12. Group E : Business Buildings Any building or part of building used for transaction of business For keeping of accounts and records and similar purposes, professional establishment, service facilities etc. Eg . Barber shops, beauty parlors, lunch counters serving less than 100 people, libraries etc.

13. Group F : Mercantile Buildings Any building or part of building used for shops, stores, markets, for display and sale of merchandise, either whole sale and retail.

14. Group G : Industrial Buildings Any building or part of building in which products or materials of all kinds and properties are fabricated, assembled or processed. Eg . Laboratories, assembly plants, dairies, dry cleaning plants, refineries, pumping stations, gas plants, saw mill, smoke houses etc. Further divided into G1, G2 and G3depending upon hazard of occupancy as low, moderate and high respectively.

15. Group G : Industrial Buildings

16. Group H : Storage Buildings Any building or part of building in which primarily used for the storage or sheltering of goods, wares or merchandise, vehicles or animals. Do not involve highly combustible or explosive products or materials Eg . Warehouses, cold storages, transit sheds, garages, freight depots, store houses, truck and marine terminals, garages, hangers (other aircraft repair hangers) grain elevators, bars, stables etc.

17. Group I : Hazardous Buildings Any building or part of building in which is used for the storage, handling, manufacture or processing of highly combustible or explosive materials or products which are liable to burn with extreme rapidity and prove hazardous to health, building or building contents. Hazards may be due to fire, poisonous fumes, or gases explosions etc. from materials subjected to various operations. Buildings used for storage of gases under high pressure (more than 0.1N/mm2) or storage (70 m3) and handling of highly flammable liquids or explosive materials, or for manufacture of synthetic leather, explosives, fireworks, etc. are included in this group.

18. II. Based on degree of fire resistance (or fire ratings): IS 1642 : 1989 - FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS (GENERAL): DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION—CODE OF PRACTICE Type Features Type 1 In these building the design and material used const. are such that all structural components have about 4 hours fire resistance. Type 2 In these building the design any type of material used in their construction are such that all structural components have 3 hours fire resistance. Type 3 In these building the design and types of the materials used in their construction are such that all structural components have 3 hours fire resistance. Type 4 In these buildings the design and the type of material used in their construction are such that all structural components have 4 hours fire resistance.

19. III. Based on the predominant materials used in construction Earthen buildings Thatched buildings Masonry buildings Wooden buildings Steel buildings RC buildings

20. IV. Based on the degree of Engineering input and method of construction Type Feature Non-Engineered Buildings Mainly of adobe, brick, stone with no engineering input Semi-Engineered Buildings Mainly based on the rule of thumb with limited input Engineered Buildings Involve very high degree of engineering input. Special care is given to assess the loads of the structure and a proper design is done. Pre-Engineered houses, cyclone resistant houses earth quake resistant houses etc. are examples

21. V. Based on the height on the building High rise building - >15m Low rise - <15m VI. Based on the structural system for load transfer Load bearing masonry buildings Framed buildings

22. V. Based on income of user groups Economic Weaker Section (EWS) Low Income Group (LIG) Middle Income Group (MIG) High Income Group (HIG)

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