Types of communicative strategiesss.pptx

ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT

1. Types of communicative strategy

2. communicative situations

3. Cohen (1990) STATES THAT STRATEGIES MUST BE USED TO START AND MAINTAIN A CONVERSATION .

4. Engaging in a conversation is not just a simple process of talking and listening. It requires strategies to be able to start and maintain a conversation.

5. Before we start… Describe the different conversations your are usually engaged in: Home School community

6. Before we start… how do you usually start a conversation? what are the problems that you had encountered during a conversation and how did you address them? have you experienced engaging in a conversation with a topic that you are not comfortable with? how did you manage it?

7. The following are some strategies that people use when communicating. topic shifting Repair termination nomination Restriction Turn-taking Topic control

8. nomination A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a topic. Basically, when you employ this strategy, you try to open a topic with the people you are talking to.

9. You may start off with news inquiries and announcements as they promise extended talk. Most importantly, keep the conversational environment open for opinions until the prior topic shuts down easily and initiates a smooth end. This could signal the beginning of a new topic in the conversation.

10. EXAMPLE : “Have you heard about “the new normal”? I saw your Tiktok post on F acebook. It’s really great.” You are a new student, right? Would you like me to tour you around the campus?

11. REMEMBER! Avoid questions that are too personal like asking how much money the person or his parents are earning. Topics like politics and religion should also be avoided because these may cause quarrel or disagreement.

12. restriction Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. When communicating in the classroom or in a meeting you are typically given a specific instructions that you must follow. These instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say.

13. EXAMPLE : In your class, you might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm on peer pressure or deliver a speech on digital natives. You are invited to the police station to answer some questions about what you know about the accident.

14. Turn-taking Turn-taking pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor. There is a code of behavior behind establishing and sustaining a productive conversation, but the primary idea is to give all communicators a chance to speak.

15. EXAMPLE : You can employ this strategy by making your response shorter yet informative enough to express your ideas and feelings. “What do you think?” “You wanted to say something?” Pausing is a nonverbal cue that will do as well.

16. REMEMBER! Listen to the other person talking instead of just waiting for your turn to talk. This way, you van have a meaningful and productive conversation. Always show politeness when you need to take the conversational floor from the person currently speaking.

17. Topic control Topic control covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of topic in conversations. For example, in meetings, you may only have a turn to speak after the chairperson directs you to do so. Contrast this with a casual conversation with friends over lunch or coffee where you may take the conversational floor anytime.

18. This strategy is used when there is a need to control and prevent unnecessary interruptions and topic shifts. Using this strategy makes the conversation to stay focused on the topic throughout the discussion and keeps the development of the topic going by asking questions.

19. EXAMPLE : Expressions like: “Okay, so much for that…” “ let’s go back to the topic.” “Going back to what we are talking about…”

20. Topic shifting As the name suggests, involves moving from one topic to another. In other words, it is where one part of a conversation ends and where another begins.

21. EXAMPLE : Expressions like: “By the way…” “Before I forget…” “ Which reminds me of, …” In a report presentation you may use expressions like “Moving on to the next topic…”, “Now, let’s talk about…”

22. REMEMBER! Topic shifting requires a good timing. Make sure that previous topic is adequately discussed before changing it to another one.

23. repair Repair refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation. We can employ this strategy whenever we encounter problems in communication to prevent a breakdown.

24. EXAMPLE : “Can you repeat the last part of the instructions?” “Doc, can you please explain what ferritin test is?” I am so sorry but what do you mean by “new normal”?

25. termination Termination refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation. This is used to end an interaction or close a topic.

26. EXAMPLE : “It’s nice catching up with you. I must be going.” “Thanks for your time. See you around.” “Regards to your Mother. See you soon.”

27. Thank you! 