Types of compaction and equipment used for compaction

Types of compaction and equipment used for compaction

1. Types of compaction and equipment used for compaction PRESENTED BY ANANDU K P

2. WHAT IS COMPACTION OF SOIL ? Soil compaction is the compression of soil particles. Compaction reduces total pore spacing in soil. It reduces the amount of large pore space, so it will restrict the movement of air and water into or through the soil.

3. Definition of compaction “ The densification of soil or any other material by the application of mechanical energy is known as compaction”

4. Requirements of soil compaction T o increase the soil strength To improve the stability of soil To reduce soil permeability To reduce erosion damage

5. Factors affecting compaction Water content- At low water content the soil is stiff and offer more resistance to compaction.as the water content is increased, the soil particles get lubricated. The soil mass becomes more workable and the particles have closer packing.so the dry density increases with increase in water content. Amount of compaction- The increase in compactive effort will increase the dry density at lower water content to a certain extent.

6. Type of soil- The dry density achieved depends upon the type of soil. The O.M.C(optimum moisture content) and dry density for different soil are different. Method of compaction- The dry density achieved depends on the method of compaction. Several methods are used in the field for the compaction of soils, the choice of method is depends on the type of soil. i )Tampers ii)Rollers iii)vibratory compactors

7. Equipments used for compaction Compacting E quipments For Soil For Concrete

8. Equipments used for compaction of soil Smooth wheel rollers Sheep foot rollers Pneumatic rollers Grid rollers Tamping rollers Vibrating rollers Vibrating plate compactors Rammers

9. 1. Smooth wheel rollers Smooth wheel rollers are one of the most common types of compaction equipment used. Weighing from 5 to 15 tonnes. They are suitable for compacting sand, gravel, brocken stones etc. They are used for compacting highway base courses.

10. 2. Sheep foot rollers In this type, on the outer surface of a metal cylinder, metal pieces of the shape of sheep foots are fixed. Weighing of drum is about 1.5 to 10 tonne. It is suitable for compacting cohesive soil.

11. 3. P neumatic rollers This machine consist of a number of rubber tires . The rear or front of which has more wheel than the other. Most suitable for compacting fine grained soil and well grained sands.

12. 4. Grid rollers As the name suggests, these rollers have a cylindrical heavy steel surface consisting of a network steel bars forming a grid with squire holes. The weight of the roller can be increased by ballasting with concrete blocks.

13. 5.Tamping roller These rollers similar to sheep foot roller with lugs of larger area than sheep foot rollers. Tamping rollers have static weights in the range of 15 to 40 tonnes . Tamping rollers are best suitable for compacting cohesive soils.

14. 6.Vibrating rollers Similar to smooth wheel rollers with the modification of rotating drums. Very expensive but have high output and performance.

15. 7.Vibrating plate rollers These equipments are used for small areas. The usual weight of these machines vary from 100kg to 2 tonnes with plate areas between 0.16m and 1.6m.

16. 8. Rammers Rammers are used for compacting small areas by providing impact load to the soil. This equipment may be hand or machine operated. The base size of rammers can be 15cm X 15cm or 20cm X 20cm or more.

17. Equipments used for compaction of concrete Internal vibrator Surface vibrator Plat form vibrator Form vibrator

18. 1. Internal vibrator It is the most commonly used vibrator. It is also known as needle vibrator, immersion vibrator or poker vibrator. It consist of a power unit ,a flexible shaft and needle. Such compactors are used for compacting of large sections of mass concrete in structures, for concrete of foundations, columns, beams etc.

19. 2. External vibrator(Form vibrators) Form vibrators are particularly effective on columns and in the casting of precast units such as pipes, slabs, piles etc. These vibrators are clamed o to the external wall surface of form work. It will produce a good finish to the concrete suface .

20. 3. Table vibrator The vibrating table consists of a rigidly built steel plat form mounted on flexible springs and is driven by an electronic motor. Small size table vibrators are called platform vibrator. The are commonly used for vibrating concrete cubes.

21. 4. Surface vibrator It is suitable for compacting and leveling of thin concrete members such as floor slabs, roof slabs and road slabs.

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