Types Of Dam

Types of the dam structure.

1. DIFFERENT TYPES OF DAMS AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES BY: Giri Prasad – CIVIL.

2. Introduction Definition Uses of Dams Structure of Dam Types of Dams Selection of the Dam Type CONTENTS:

3. INTRODUCTION : A large amount of water would run off from river to oceans without being useful if dams are not constructed. Water is the basic need of living organisms and so it is necessary to store it. And so dams are built to store water and this stored water is then used for various purposes. Hence, dams are an important structure in civil engineering

4. DEFINITION: A Dam may be defined as a solid barrier (or) Hydraulic structure of fairly Impervious material built across the river to create a reservoir on its upstream side for impounding water for various purposes.

5. USES OF DAMS: To Store Water Irrigation Drought and Flood Control Hydro Power Generation To Develop Fisheries

6. STRUCTURE OF DAM:

7. TYPES OF DAM: The classification based on the structure are, Gravity Dams Butress Dams Arch Dams Embankment Dams

8. GRAVITY DAMS: A gravity dam is a solid concrete structure, generally having a triangular profile, which is so designed that it can safely stand against the precalculated volume of water by virtue of its weight. (OR) Gravity dams are dams which resist the horizontal thrust of the water entirely by their own weight. Can be made of earth or rock fill or concrete.

9. Bhakra Dam across river Sutlej in Himachal Pradesh is the highest concrete Gravity dam in Asia and Second Highest in the world. Length at top 518.16m (1700 feet), Width at base 190.5m (625 feet) and at the top is 9.14m (30 feet).

10. BUTRESS DAMS: Butress dams are derived from gravity dams. This type of dams are supported uses thin concrete slab which is supported from downstream side by buttresses. It uses multiple reinforced columns to support the dams. Since it has relatively thin structure so there is considerable amount of saving of concrete.

11. Usually, buttress dams are made of concrete and may be reinforced with steel bars. The Jawa Dam is the remains of an ancient masonry gravity dam on Wadi Rajil at Jawa in Mafraq Governorate, Jordan, 58 Kilometres . It is the oldest known dam in the world.

12. ARCH DAMS: It is an arch-shaped solid structure made up of concrete which is designed in such a way that a major part of the thrust forces acting on the dam are transmitted to arch. Transmits most of horizontal water thrust behind them to the abutments by the arch action. Thinner and requires less material than any other type of dam. Used only in narrow canyons.

13. 1. Constant Radius Arch Dams – Radius of curvature throughout the structure is constant and upstream face is vertical. 2. Variable Radius Dams – Curvatures are different on upstream and downstream sides. The Idukki Dam, located in Kerala, India is a 168.91m (554 feet) tall arch dam. TYPES OF ARCH DAMS:

14. EMBANKMENT DAMS: These are Non-Rigid structures which are build over wide valleys with varying foundations. These are Trapezoidal in shape and are build of single type of material (Such as Earth fill or Rock fill) or Combination of more than one. The main advantages of these dams is that can be constructed on weak foundation. Impervious core is placed in the middle of the embankment body.

15. The Tehri Dam is the highest dam in India and one of the tallest in the world. It is a multi-purpose rock and earthfill embankment dam on the Bhagirathim River near Tehri in Uttarakhand,India .

16. SELECTION OF DAM TYPE: Material Availability Seismicity Geology and Foundation Strength Hydrology Valley Shape and Overburden

17. COFFER DAM:

18. FAILURES IN DAM: Sliding along horizontal plane ( Shear Failure) Net Force > Shear Resistance at that level Rotation about the Toe Failure of material

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