Types of human species

Humans uniquely use such systems of symbolic communication as language and art to express themselves and exchange ideas, and also organize themselves into purposeful groups. Humans create complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families and kinship networks to political states. Social interactions between humans have established an extremely wide variety of values, social norms, and rituals, which together undergird human society. Curiosity and the human desire to understand and influence the environment and to explain and manipulate phenomena (or events) have motivated humanity's development of science, philosophy, mythology, religion, anthropology, and numerous other fields of knowledge.

Though most of human existence has been sustained by hunting and gathering in band societies, increasingly many human societies transitioned to sedentary agriculture approximately some 10,000 years ago, domesticating plants and animals, thus enabling the growth of civilization. These human societies subsequently expanded, establishing various forms of government, religion, and culture around the world, and unifying people within regions to form states and empires. The rapid advancement of scientific and medical understanding in the 19th and 20th centuries permitted the development of fuel-driven technologies and increased lifespans, causing the human population to rise exponentially. The global human population was estimated to be near 7.7 billion in 2019.

1. T ypes of Human S pecies By O jingiri Hannah

2. Homo gautengensis Homo gautengensis had big teeth suitable for chewing plant materials. It was small brained and was probably an ecological specialist. It apparently produced and use stone tools and may even have made fire, as there is evidence for burnt animals bones associated with homo gautengesis ’ remains.

3. Homo habilis Homo habilis is the least similar to modern humans of all species in the genus Homo. Homo habilis was short and had disproportionately long arms compared to modern humans.

4. Homo ergaster Homo ergaster had thinner bones, more protrusive face, and lower forehead. Homo ergaster remained stable for ca. 500,000 years in Africa before disappearing from fossil record 1.4million years ago. Not only was homo ergaster like modern humans in body, but also more in organisation and sociality than any earlier species.

5. Homo erectus Homo erectus had a cranial capacity greater than that of homo habilis , the earliest remains show a cranial capacity of 850cm, while the javan specimens measure up to 1100 cm., over lapping that of homo sapiens. Homo erectus may have been the first hominid to use rafts to travel over oceans.

6. Homo rudolfensis In H omo rudolfensis the cranial capacity based on the new construction was reported to be downsized from 752cm to about 526cm. Homo r udolfensis displays less prognathism and a more rounded braincase rather than a bunning brain.

7. Homo antecessor Homo antecessor was about 1.6 – 1.8 m. their brain sizes were roughly 1,000 – 1,500 cm, smaller than 1,500 average of modern humans. Homo antecessor might have been right- handed, a trait that makes the species different from other apes.

8. Homo cepranesis Homo cepranesis is a proposed name for human species, known from only one skull cap discovered 1994. the age of the fossil is estimated to be between 350,000 to 500,000 years old.

9. Homo heidelbergensis Homo heidelbergensis are likely to be descended from the morphological very similar ergaster from Africa. Homo heidelbergensis had a larger brain-case with a typical cranial volume of 1100-1400 cm overlapping the 1350 cm average of modern humans and had more advanced tools and behavior.

10. Homo rhodensiensis The cranium of a H omo rhodensiensis was found in a lead and zinc mine in B roken Hill, Northern Rhodesia.

11. Homo neanderthalensis They are closely related to modern humans, differing in DNA by just 0.12%. Remains left by homo Neanderthals include bone and stone tools, which are found in Euresia , from W estern Europe to Central and Northern Asia.

12. Homo sapiens idaltu Homo sapiens idaltu is an extinct subspecies of Homo sapiens that lived almost 160,000 years ago in Pleistocene Africa. “ idaltu ” is from the Saho -Afar word meaning “elder” or “first born”.

13. Homo floresiensis (Hobbit) Homo floresiensis (“Flores Man”, nicknamed “hobbit” and “ F lo”) is widely believed to be an extinct species in the genus Homo. Homo floresiensis may be connected by folk memory to ebu gogo myths prevalent on the isle of Flores.

14. Denisova hominin ( Denisovan ) Denisova or denisova hominins are an extinct species of human in the genius Homo.

15. Red Deer Cave people The Red Deer Cave people were the most recent known prehistoric population that do not resemble modern humans.

16. Us (Homo sapiens ) Modern humans ( homo sapiens or homo sapien sapien ) are the only extant members of the hominin clade , a branch of great apes characterized by erect posture and bipedal locomotion; manual dexterity and increased tool use; and a general trend toward larger, more complex brains and societies.