Types of Immune cells in immunology M.Sc. PPT

Immune cells protect the body from infections and diseases. They work
together to identify, attack, and remember harmful pathogens, ensuring
strong and lasting immunity. The primary types of immune cells are lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and NK cells) and myeloid cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells.

1. Govt. JajwalyadevNavinGirls College
Janjgir–Champa(C.G.)
Subject –Immunology and Developmental Biology
Topic –Immune cells
Guided by Submitted by
Dr.Ajay MahantSir AnamikaPandey
Class –M.Sc.zoology3
rd
semester

2. Content
Introduction
Cells of the immune system
Common lymphoid progenitor
 B cells and T cells
Natural killer cells
Common myloidprogenitor
Monocytes
 Macrophages
Dendritic cells
 Neutrophils
Conclusion

3. Introduction
Complex network of cells, tissue and organs that work together to protect
the body against foreign invaders, such as pathogens(virus, bacteria, dungi)
toxins and abnormal cells.
The primary functions of immune system are –
1.To recognize and respond to foreign substances or pathogens.
2.To neutralize and eliminate these threats (immune response).
3.To establish longtermprotection against specific pathogens (immunological
memory).

4. Cells of immune system
The immune system is a defensesystem in a host consisting of widely distributed
cells, tissue and organs that recognize foreign substance and microoganismand
acts to neutralize them.
The cells present both specific and non specificimmunity are leukocytes(WBCs).
Leukocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, monocutes
and lymphocytes.
All leukocytes arise from Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). During
hematopoiesis, HSC differentiates along one of two pathways, giving rise to
either a common lymphoid progenitor or a common myloidprogenitor.

7. Common lymphoid progenitor
Lymphocytes
Small wbcwhich is responsible for much of the work of the immune system.
 Mature lymphocytes all have a similar appearance. They are small cells with
deeply basophilic nucleus and scanty cytoplasm.

8. B cells and T cells
T cells or T lymphocytes belong to a group of white blood cells and play a
central role in cell mediated immunity. While, B cells are lymphocytes that
play a large role in the humoral immune response. B cells is an essential
component of the adaptive immune system.
B cells spend their entire early life in the bone marrow. While the T cells,
leave the bone marrow at an early age and travel to the thymus, where they
mature.
The principle function of B cells is to make Ab against Ag, perform the role of
APCs and eventually develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen
interaction.

10. T cells
Helper T –Cell
CytotixicT –Cell
Regulatory T –Cell
Memory T -Cell
Naive T –Cell
Suppressor T -Cell

11. B cells
Memory B cell
Plasma B cell

12. Natural killer cells
The role NK cells is analogous to that of cytotoxic T cells in the vertebrate
adaptive immune response. Nkcells provide rapid response to varially
infected cells and respond to tumorformation, action at around three days
after infection.

13. Common myloidprogenitor
Monocutes–These are mononuclear phagocytic leukocytes that circulate
briefly in the bloodstream before migration into the tissue where it becomes
macrophages or dendritic cell.
Macrophages –These cells are produced by the differentiation of
monocutesin tissue. There role is to “Phagocytose” cellular debris and
pathogen either as mobile cells.
Dendritic cells –Dendritic cells are professional antigen presenting cells
(APC) that capture, process and present Ag to T cells.
Their maturation and migration to lymph nodes faciliateT cell activation and
tailored immune response.

15. Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granulocytes and first responders
of the innate immune system.
Neutrophils employ various mechanisms to eliminate pathogens, including
phagocytosis, degranulation and neutrophil extracellular traps.
Eosinophils –These cells are wbcthat are one of the immune system
components responsible multicellular parasites and certain infections in
vertebrates.
Basophils –It’s contain large cytoplasmic granules which obscure the cell
nucleus under the microscope. When unstained the nucleus is visible and it
usually has 2 lobes.

16. Mast cells
These are cells concentrated within the respiratory and gastrointestinal(GI)
tracts and within the deep layers of the skin.
These cells are release histamine upon encountering certain Ag, thereby
triggering an allergic reaction.
The mast cell is very similar in both appearance and function to the basophil
a type of wbc.

18. Conclusion
Immune cells protect the body from infections and diseases. They work
together to identify, attack, and remember harmful pathogens, ensuring
strong and lasting immunity.