2. Tropism I t is a biological phenomenon, indicating growth or turning movement of a biological organism, usually a plant, in response to an environmental stimulus. Tropisms are typically associated with plants. 3. Nasties These Are non directional responses to stimuli (e.g. temperature, humidity, light irradiance), and are usually associated with plants. T he movement can be due to changes in turgor or changes in growth.
6. Reflex actions
The anatomical pathway of a reflex is called the reflex arc. It consists of an afferent (or sensory) nerve, usually one or more interneurons within the central nervous system, and an efferent (motor, secretory, or secreto -motor) nerve. Probably the best-known reflex is the pupillary light reflex. If a light is flashed near one eye, the pupils of both eyes contract. Light is the stimulus; impulses reach the brain via the optic nerve; and the response is conveyed to the pupillary musculature by autonomic nerves that supply the eye