Types of Poultry Housing for poultry production.ppt

poultry production.ppt

1. Poultry Housing

3. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
POULTRY HOUSES
Brooder/chick house
–It is used to brood and rear egg-type chicks
from0 to 8 weeks of age.
Grower house
–It is used to grow egg-type birds from 9 to 18
weeks of age.
Brooder cum grower house
Here, the birds are reared from 0 to 18 weeks
of age (entire brooding and growing period of
egg-type chicken

4. Layer house
–In which birds over 18 weeks of age are
reared, usually up to 72 weeks of age.
Broiler house
–In which broilers (meat-type birds)are
reared up to 5/6 weeks of age.

5. Breeder house
–In which both male and female breeders
are maintained at appropriate sex ratio.
Environmentally controlled (EC) house
–In which, entire environment is
manipulated in such a way that is
optimum for the birds growth.

6. Systems of poultry housing
FACTORS
Poultry can be housed under different
systems based on following factors:
–Availability of land
–Cost of land
–Type of farming activity
–Climatic condition
–Labouravailability

10. Folding-unit system:
This system of housing is an innovation of
recent years.
In portable folding units birds being confined
to one small run, the position is changed each
day, giving them fresh ground and the birds
find a considerable proportion of food from the
herbage .

11. The most convenient folding unit to handle
is that which is made for 25 hens.
A floor space of 1 square foot should be
allowed for each bird in the house, and 3
square feet in the run, so that a total floor
space to the whole unit is 4 square feet per
bird, as with the intensive system.

12. A suitable measurement for a folding house
to take 25 birds is 5 feet wide and 20 feet
long, the house being 5’ x 5’, one-third of the
run.
Disadvantages
The food and water must be carried out to
the birds and eggs brought back.
There is some extra labourinvolved in the
regular moving of the fold units.
More expensive

14. INTENSIVE SYSTEM
Birds are totally confined to houses either on
ground / floor or on wire-netting floor in
cages or on slats.
It is the most efficient, convenient and
economical system for modern poultry
production with huge numbers.

15. Advantages
Minimum land is required for farming.
Farms can be located near market area.
Day-to-day management is easier.
The production performance is higher as
more energy is saved due to restricted
movements.

16. Scientific management practices like
breeding, feeding, medication, culling etc.
can be applied easily and accurately.
The sick birds can be detected, isolated and
treated easily.

17. Disadvantages
Birds’ welfare is affected. They can not perform
the natural behaviourlike roosting, spreading
wings, scratching the floor with legs etc.
Since they are not exposed to outside sunlight and
feed sources, all the nutrients should be provided
in balanced manner to avoid nutritionally deficient
diseases.
Chances for spreading of diseases are more.

18. Deep litter system:
In this system the poultry birds are reared
on floor covered with litters like straw, saw
dust or leaves up to depth of 8-12 inches.
we can define deep litter, as the
accumulation of the material used for litter
with poultry manure until it reaches a depth
of 8 to 12 inches.

19. Suitable dry organic materials like straw (needs
to be cut into 2 or 3 inch lengths), saw dust,
leaves, dry grasses, shells, broken up maize
stalks and cobs, bark of trees in sufficient
quantity to give a depth of about 6 inches in the
pen should be used.
The droppings of the birds gradually combine
with the materials used to build up the litter. In
about 2 months, it has usually become deep
litter, and by 6 months it has become built-up
deep litter. At about 12 months of old stage it is
fully built up. Extra litter materials can be added
to maintain sufficient depth.

20. The deep litter pen should be started when the
weather is dry, and is likely to remain so for
about 2 months for the operation of the
bacterial action, which alters the composition
of the litters. Start new litter with each year’s
pullets and continue with it for their laying
period.

21. Advantages of Deep Litter System:
Birds and eggs are safety as enclosed in deep litter
intensive pen, which has strong wire netting or
expanded metal.
Built-up deep litter also supplies some of the food
requirements of the birds. They obtain "Animal
Protein Factor" from deep litter.
The level of coccidiosis and worm infestation is
much lower with poultry kept on good deep litter than
with birds (or chicken) in bare yards. Well managed
deep litter kept in dry condition with no wet spots
around waterer has a sterilisingaction. .

22. With correct conditions observed with well
managed litter there is no need to clean a pen
out for a whole year; the only attention is the
regular stirring and adding of some material as
needed.
Generally 35 laying birds can produce in one
year about 1 tonneof deep litter fertilizer. The
level of nitrogen in fresh manure is about 1%,
but on well built-up deep litter it may be around
3% nitrogen (nearly 20% protein). It also
contains about 2% phosphorus and 2% potash.
Its value is about 3 times that of cattle manure.

23. It is a valuable insulating agent, the litter
maintains its own constant temperature, so
birds burrow into it when the air temperature
is high and thereby cool themselves.
Conversely, they can warm themselves in the
same way when the weather is very cool
There will be no incident of breast blisters.
There will be no problem in cage layer
fatigue.
Initial investment will be less when the land
cost is low

24. Disadvantages
Housing density is lower than the cage system.
There will be more feed wastage during spilling
Litter-born diseases can occur, especially coccideosis,
costing severe economic loss particularly in broiler
industry.
Disease spread faster due to mainly to free
movements.
Incidence of unclean or soiled eggs is higher.
Birds consume more feed since they move about more
freely wasting some energy; hence feed efficiency is
inferior to the birds in cages.

32. Cage system
Advantages :
Easy egg collection
Less problem due to cannibolism
No nest requirement
Record individual bird performance
Better labor utilization
Low parasitic infection
Elimination of broodiness
Avoidance of litter and its problems

33. Disadvantages
More heat stress in summer
Fly problem
Incidence of broken egg is
more
Cage layer fatigue
Fatty liver syndrome
Poor shell quality
Difficulty in manure disposal