Types of research design and survey.pptx

This ppt deals with different research design and their differences between them. It also covers survey methods.

1. TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN AND SURVEY AMREEN FATHIMA A 23FSM03 1

2. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGNS ( i ) DESCRIPTIVE VS ANALYTICAL (ii) APPLIED VS FUNDAMENTAL (iii) QUANTITATIVE VS QUALITATIVE (iv) CONCEPTUAL VS EMPIRICAL (v) FIELD SETTING VS LABORATORY (vi) CLINICAL VS DIAGNOSTIC (vii) EXPLORATORY VS FORMALIZED SURVEY RESEARCH ( i ) DIFFERENT METHODS

3. Research design According to kerlinger, research design is the plan, structure and strategy of investigation conceived so as to obtain answers to research question and to control variance. Types of research According to the nature of problems, various research methods are being adopted. Normally based on the methods and objectives of the researchers, they can be classified into many. 3

4. DESCRIPTIVE VS ANALYTICAL DESCRIPTIVE: Includes survey and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds Major purpose - description of the state of affairs as it exists at present It's also known as “Ex post facto research” This research has no control over the variables -only report what has happened or what is happening The method of research used- survey method Example: to know the frequency of shopping and preferences of people ANALYTICAL: Use facts or informations already available and analyse these to make a critical evaluation of the material 4

5. 5 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICAL Fact finding enquiry and survey method Collected data is analysed and explained Ascertains and describes the characteristics of the issue Beyond nearly describing the characteristics Describe of the state of affairs as it exist at present Explain existing state of affairs from available data No control over the variables Works within the constraints variables

6. APPLIED VS FUNDAMENTAL FUNDAMENTAL: Also termed as basic or pure research Mainly concerned with generalization and with the formulation of a theory Example: Research related to natural phenomenon or related to pure mathematics ‘GATHERING KNOWLEDGE FOR KNOWLEDGES SAKE’ APPLIED: Also termed as action research Aim at finding a solution for a immediate problem facing a society or industrial or business organisation . Example: Research aimed at certain conclusions, facing a concrete social or business problem 6

7. 7 PARAMETER FUNDAMENTAL APPLIED Purpose Expand knowledge and understanding in a field Solved specific practical problem or address real world issues Orientation Curiosity - driven Problem - oriented Primary focus Theoretical concepts and principles Practical applications and solutions Scope Broad, exploring fundamental principles Narrow, focusing on specific practical contexts Collabration More individual or academic Often involves industry partners Time frame Long-term Short-term

8. QUANTITATIVE VS QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE: Based on the measurement of quantity or amount Expressed in terms of quantity QUALITATIVE: C oncerned with qualitative phenomenon, relating to quality or kind E g : investigating the reasons for human behaviour E g : Attitude or opinion research T his is important in the behavioural sciences - discover the underlying motives of human behaviour. 8

9. 9 PARAMETERS QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE Focus Exploring ideas or formulating hypothesis/theories Testing hypothesis or theories Analysis Summarizing, categorizing and interpreting Maths and statistical analysis Expressed in Words Numbers, graphs, tables Sample Few respondents Many respondents Questions Open-ended Close-ended or multiple choices Characterized by Understanding context, complexity and subjectivity Testing, measurement, objectivity and replicability

10. CONCEPTUAL VS EMPIRICAL CONCEPTUAL: R esearch related to some abstract or theory U sed by philosophers and thinkers- develop new concepts or to intepret existing ones EMPIRICAL: R elies on experiment or observations alone, often without due regard for system and theory A lso called as experimental type of research I t is data-based research, coming up with conclusions which are capable of being verified by observation or experiment E vidence gathered through experiments or empirical studies are considered to be the most powerful support possible for a given hypothesis 10

11. 11 CONCEPTUAL EMPIRICAL Similar to basic research Similar to experimental type of research Related to some abstract ideas or theory Relies on experience or observation alone Develop new concepts or to interpret the existing ones Its appropriate when proof is sought that certain variables affect other in some way Does not involve any practical experiment Based on experience or observation alone

12. FIELD SETTING VS LABORATORY FIELD SETTING: Qualitative method of study – to observe, interact and understand people while they are in a natural environment LABORATORY: Research that is done in a laboratory Artificial environment – researchers are able to control all different variables to see what effect they have 12

13. 13 PARAMETERS LABORATORY FIELD SETTING Type of environment Artificial environment Natural environment Control of independent variable IV is set by the experimenter IV is not set by the experimenter Control of extraneous variable EV can be effectively controlled Some control of EV Cause and effect Good because the IV affects the DV and there are few if any EV’s Moderate because there may be some EV’s Demand characteristics Lots as task is artificial and it is easy for participants to work out the aim Fewer as task is more natural, but participants know they are taking part in an experiment

14. CLINICAL VS DIAGNOSTIC CLINICAL: Research in which people data and sample of tissue from people are studied to understand health and disease. Example: A long term study that involves psychological test and genetic study that involves blood test but no medications. DIAGNOSTIC: It is a type of research design that involves data collection, analysis, hypothesis testing and setting objectives to define the best possible solutions. In this type of research – researcher is trying to evaluate the cause of a specific problem or a phenomenon Example: Laboratory test, Imaging test, Endoscopy test, and Biopsy 14

15. EXPLORATORY VS FORMALIZED EXPLORATORY: Concentrates to explore virgin or less restricted area. Concentrates on the formulation of the problem or hypothesis and not intends to test them. It is aimed at exploring the issues related to the research Example: Interview with the experts , brainstorming sessions FORMALIZED: Used to collect standardized information from a carefully selected sample of people or households Surveys-Data are collected by questionnaire 15

16. 16 EXPLORATORY FORMALIZED Loose structure Precise procedure Develops hypothesis Begins with hypothesis Provides Insights Answers research question

17. SURVEY 17

18. SURVEY RESEARCH Process of conducting research using surveys that the researchers sent to survey respondents The data collected from surveys is then statistically analysed to draw meaningful research conclusions It is a quantitative method for collecting information from a pool of respondents by asking multiple survey questions Uses- Aim to communicate new features or trends to their respondents 18

19. HOW TO DECIDE ON THE MODE OF DATA COLLECTION 19 Population Characteristics of the sample Types of questions Question topic Response rate Cost Time

20. 20 BASED ON TIME LONGITUDINAL SURVEY RESEARCH Conducts- Over a continuum of time and spread across years and decades Data collected – Qualitative or Quantitative Cross sectional survey research follows a longitudinal study Example: Eating habits of teenagers CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY RESEARCH Collects insights from a target audience at a particular time interval It is quick and helps researchers collect information in a brief period It can be either descriptive or analytical

21. 21 BASED ON MEDIUM OF CONDUCTING RESEARCH

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23. STEPS TO CONDUCT A SURVEY Identify your research goal Define your target audience Come up with preliminary questions Design your questionnaire Distribute your survey Organise survey responses Analyse and present survey results 23

24. Thanks! Please keep this slide for attribution 24