Typhus fever.pptx for the medical students

Typhus fever

1. Typhus fever Submitted to: Mam Sarafeen James Submitted by: Sania Majeed S undas Razzaq

2. Objectives At the end of the presentation, students will be able to understand: Definition of typhus fever Causes Types Pathophysiology Clinical manifestations Diagnostic tests Treatment Prevention

3. Definition Typhus fever is a group of Infectious diseases caused by Rickettsia species. Rickettsia are small intracellular bacteria that are spread to humans by arthropod vectors, including body lice, fleas, ticks, and mites.

4. Causes Bacteria named as Rickettsia found in ticks, lice, fleas, mites, chiggers, and mammals. I nadequate housing P oor sanitation Overcrowding Absence of disinfection

5. Types Epidemic typhus: Epidemic typhus is a louse-born rare disease caused by a bacteria called Rickettsia prowazekii spread to people through contact with infected body lice .Symptoms are prolonged high fever, headache, and Maculopapular rash. Scrub typhus : Scrub typhus is a mite-borne disease caused by bacteria Rickettsia tsutsugamushi spread to people through bites of infected chiggers (larval mites). Symptoms are high fever,an eschar, enlarged lymph nodes and myalgia.

6. Murine typhus: Murine typhus is a Flea-borne disease caused by a bacteria Rickettsia typhi spread to people through contact with infected fleas.Symptoms are erythematous papules,fever,cough, stomach pain, nausea and vomiting. Maculopapular rash Eschar erythematous papules

7. Pathophysiology The pathogenic microorganisms enter the body through scratched or bitten skin. Rickettsia invade the cells of vascular endothelium where they multiply. Carriedd by the blood stream to cause rickettsaemia. Part of the microorganisms die to release toxins which causes toxaemia. In vessels,thrombii formation with subsequent thrombophlebitis. Vascular changes in the brain,skin,conjunctiva,myocardium,spleen and the kidneys.

8. Clinical manifestations Incubation period is usually 12 to 14 days.Onset of symptoms is acute. Main symptoms are: High fever, chills ,Intense headaches R ash(red macular, escher,erythematous papules) Rapid breathing, cough B ody and muscle aches L oss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, Stomach pain M ental changes, confusion Severe illness causes organ faliure, bleeding

9. Diagnostic test Physical examination Immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay using Rickettsii antigen P olymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests Skin biopsy Other blood tests

10. Treatment Antibiotics e.g Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin for 7 to 10 days. Anticoagulants e.g Heparin. 5 % glucose solution or an isotonic sodium chloride solution (800-900 ml). Antipyretics

11. Prevention No vaccine available Basic hygiene like bathing,changing your clothes. W ear insect spray and long-sleeved shirts and trousers Do not share clothing, beds, bedding, or towels. A void contact with fleas,mites, ticks etc.

12. Complications Internal bleeding M eningitis Liver damage Septic shock R enal insufficiency Enlarged spleen

13. Thank You❤️