Typographical Clues and Punctuation Marks.pdf

This PP discusses the importance of Typographical Clues and the appropriate use of punctuation marks.

1. ByN. Valdelomar
TypographicalClues
and
PunctuationMarks

2. Typographical Clues
•Good typography and design in a textbook aren’t
just decorations to make it look pretty. They are
devices authors use to make information more
accessible to the reader.
•Typography visually organizes information with a
structure that makes the hierarchy of ideas and the
relationships among those ideas obvious. As a
reader, you can use typographic and design cues
to help you accurately gather information from the
printed page.
Taken from: http://www.estrellamountain.edu/sites/default/files/sections/learning-
support/using-typography-and-design-clues.pdf

4. Typographical Clues
They are used to emphasize important information in the text.
Headings and
images
Titles, subtitles, graphs, pictures,
charts, tables, source
Fonts
SiZe, boldface, italics, SMALL CAPS,
CAPS
Verdana, Times New Roman, Arial,
Century Gothic, Harlow Solid Italic
Symbols and
punctuation
@, #, *, ?, !, _, ;, ., -, “ “

5. Punctuation
Marks
Punctuation is the system of
signs and symbols given to a
reader to show how a sentence
is constructed and how it
should be read to make its
meaning clear.
Each symbol is called
“punctuation mark.”
Every writer uses
them in different ways
for many purposes in
the text.

6. Punctuation
Does Matter

7. What do you
understand
from this
message?

8. If you went
to a
restaurant
and saw
this, what
would you
think?

9. What is the
meaning of
this
message
as it is?

10. And what
would you
understand in
this case?

14. Punctuate
the
following
sentences:
•Let’s eat Grandpa.
•Woman without her man is
nothing.
•All those out there who like
to cook and eat my wife
made a new blog.

15. Punctuate
the
following
sentences:
•Let’s eat, Grandpa.
•Woman, without her, man is
nothing.
•All those out there who like
to cook and eat, my wife
made a new blog.

16. Dash [ ─ ] (en dash)
In informal writing, it is used to give extra (additional) information or
to introduce an additional thought/ comment.
On May 25, 2009, the people of Munshiganj—a village of 35,000 on the
southwest coast—got a glimpse of what to expect from a multifootrise in sea
level.
Bangladesh is, after all, one of the most densely populated—and extremely
noisy—nations on Earth.
To show an abrupt change or suspension.
But when it comes to weigh control, exercise—though necesssary—can take
only so far.

17. Dash [ ─ ] (en dash)
•To introduce defining phrases or lists.
…and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)—chemicals created
when muscle meats such as beef, pork, fowl and fish are cooked at
high temperature—that have remained…

In another study, men who consumed a third of an ounce (ten
grams) a day of well-done meat—whether crispy bacon, sausage,
steak, pork or hamburger—had a 40% higher risk of prostate cancer.

18. Dash [ ─ ] (en dash)
In informal writing, to separate an independent part of a sentence.
The movie─which was released last year─became one of the most
popular in the last ceremony.
To show a speaker's pause or a change.
Please, ask Tony to─no, I'll tell him.
To avoid writing taboo words in full.
Would you please pick up these–shoes?

19. Parentheses ( )
•To give extra information such as dates, numbers and
amounts of money.
Haydn (1732-1809) wrote over 100 symphonies.
•To add an explanation, extra information or an extra thought.
Lewis was playing a harpsicord (a baroque keyboard
instrument).
•To enclose cross-references.
The abacus (see picture on page 1) is used for teaching
numbers.

20. Parentheses ( )
• To enclose a personal reaction.
Laura and her husband were late (no wonder).
•To enclose abbreviations or the display of
abbreviations
(this can also be considered additional information).
CSI (Crime Scene Investigation) is one of the most
popular TV programs nowadays.
Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) is one of the most
popular TV programs nowadays.

21. Square Brackets [ ]
•To enclose explanatory or missing […] material, especially in quoted text.

It is [a] good question.
•The bracketed expression [sic] is used to indicate errors that are “thus in the
original.”
•To indicate when the text has been modified for clarity.
“I’d like to thank my parentals[sic] for their love, tolerance […] and assistance.”

22. Colon :
To introduce a clause or phrase that
explains, illustrates, amplifies, or
restates.
There was only one possible explanation:
the train had never arrived.
To introduce a list of series.
I have three sisters: Catherine, Sarah, and
Mary.

23. Quotation Marks “ ”
To enclose words that were spoken (quotations).
“It can’t be possible,” she said.
To enclose short pieces of text written by someone else (citations).
“I am driven to action by the missteps and misjudgments of the White House and
the Pentagon.” (Newbold)
To show emphasis, irony, humor, and sarcasm.
So those are your “best” shoes?
To enclose titles of short stories.
Edgar Allan Poe wrote “ The Raven. ”

24. Quotation Marks “ ”
To enclose foreign terms.
She brought “tortillas” and “enchiladas.”
To emphazise a word or phrase that the writer believes is untrue, not used in its currently
accepted sense, or morally wrong.
In the fifteenth century, we “knew” that the Sun’s revolutions divided day from night.
To enclose translations of foreign terms
The scientific name of the Cotton Rose is hibiscus mutabilis meaning “changeable hibiscus.”

25. Ellipsis …
To indicate that something has been omitted.
Benjamin Franklin proclaimed …a penny saved is a
penny earned.
To indicate a pause in speech or an unfinished
thought. At the end of a sentence, it indicates a
trailing off into silence.
I took a deep breath.. Then I told my mother the
truth. She already knew…

26. Italics
To indicate the use of new, slang, or foreign words.
The name of the Cotton Rose is hibiscus mutabilis.
To refer to a letter, word, number, or expression.
Young people overuse the word cool.
To emphasize something that is important.
These are my things!
To write titles of major works, films, TV programs
Cinema Paradiso is one of my favorite movies ever.

27. Overall
Possible
Uses of
Typographic
al Signs
Statement
Exemplification
Clarification
Restatement
Description
Specification
Comment
Illustration
Terminology
Comparison
Omission
Metaphor
Irony
Foreign term
Suggestion
Explanation
Reference
Sarcasm
Emphasis
Addition
Extra thought
Definition