Understanding-Flow-Sensors-internet-of-things.pptx

flow sensors in IoT

1. Understanding Flow Sensors A flow sensor measures how much fluid (liquid or gas) moves through a system, converting the flow rate into a readable signal. This presentation will explore their principles, types, and diverse applications.

2. Flow Sensor System: A Block Diagram Understanding the journey of data from fluid measurement to actionable insights. Flow Sensor Measures the fluid flow rate and generates a signal proportional to the flow. Signal Conditioning Amplifies, filters, and prepares the raw sensor signal for conversion. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Converts the conditioned analog signal into a digital signal for processing. Microcontroller / Processor Reads the digital signal and performs calculations and control operations. Flow Calculation & Linearization Computes the actual flow rate and applies corrections for sensor non-linearity. Totalizer & Data Logger Integrates flow rate over time to calculate total volume and stores data for analysis.

3. Working Principle of Flow Sensors Understanding the essential steps from fluid movement to measurable data. Fluid Interaction Fluid (liquid or gas) interacts with a specialized sensing element within the sensor. Physical Property Change This interaction causes a detectable change in a physical property, such as pressure, temperature, or the movement of a mechanical part. Signal Conversion The sensor converts this physical change into a proportional electrical signal. Data Processing & Display The electrical signal is then processed, often digitalized and calibrated, to display the precise flow rate (e.g., liters per minute or cubic feet per hour).

4. Flow Sensor vs. Flow Meter Flow Sensor A device that detects fluid flow and generates a signal. It's the sensing element, producing a raw electrical output (voltage, pulses). Simple and part of a larger system. Flow Meter A complete device that measures, processes, and displays flow rate or volume. It includes the sensor, signal conditioning, processor, and a display, providing readable values (e.g., L/min, m³/h). More advanced and standalone.

5. Types and Applications of Flow Sensors 1 Passive Sensors Do not require external power. They work by the natural movement of fluid. Examples include Turbine and Vortex flow sensors. 2 Active Sensors Require external power. They use electronic methods like sound waves, heat, or magnetism. Examples include Electromagnetic, Ultrasonic, and Thermal flow sensors. Medical Applications Ventilators Measure airflow for precise oxygen delivery in ICUs. IV Pumps Monitor drug and fluid flow rates for exact dosages. Dialysis Machines Monitor blood and dialysate flow for safe operation.

6. Air Flow Sensors: Principles & Types An air flow sensor measures the movement of air through a system, converting it into an electrical signal for monitoring and control. Working Principle Air passes through the sensor, which detects changes in air speed or pressure using an element like a hot wire or vane. This change is converted into a signal, processed to show the air flow rate. Types Hot Wire Sensor: Measures cooling rate of a heated wire. Vane Meter Sensor: Measures angle of a flap pushed by air. Ultrasonic Sensor: Uses sound waves to measure air speed. MEMS Sensor: Tiny chip-based sensor for portable devices.

7. Key Applications of Air Flow Sensors Automotive Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensors control fuel injection in cars. Medical Used in ventilators and anesthesia machines for patient airflow. HVAC Monitor and control air circulation in buildings. Industrial Applications in air compressors, cleanrooms, and environmental monitoring. Air flow sensors are crucial for precision and control across diverse industries, ensuring optimal performance and safety.