Understanding the Cell Cycle: Mitosis and Meiosis

The presentation provides an overview of the cell cycle, including interphase, mitosis, and meiosis. It explains the stages of mitosis (producing two identical daughter cells) and meiosis (resulting in four haploid cells for genetic diversity), highlighting their significance in growth, repair, and reproduction.

1. The Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

2. Overview of the Cell Cycle The cell cycle is a series of stages that cells go through to grow and divide. Interphase: Growth and DNA replication. G1 Phase: Cell growth and protein production. S Phase: DNA replication. G2 Phase: Preparation for division. M Phase: Mitosis and cytokinesis occur, producing two daughter cells.

3. Mitosis Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells: - Prophase: Chromatin condenses; nuclear envelope breaks down. - Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the equator. - Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate. - Telophase: Nuclear envelopes reform. - Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, forming two separate cells.

4. Mitosis

5. Meiosis Meiosis creates four haploid cells, crucial for sexual reproduction: - Meiosis I: Homologous chromosomes separate. - Prophase I: Chromosomes pair up; crossing over occurs. - Metaphase I: Paired chromosomes align at the equator. - Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes move apart. - Telophase I & Cytokinesis: Two haploid cells form. - Meiosis II: Sister chromatids separate, forming four unique haploid cells.

6. Meiosis

7. Significance of Mitosis and Meiosis - Mitosis: Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction; ensures genetic consistency. - Meiosis: Genetic diversity via recombination and independent assortment; essential for evolution.

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