UNFCCC

UNFCCC- wheather helpful to mitigate climate change

1. UNFCCC: WHETHER HELPFUL TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE PROBLEMS? Presentation By:- ABHIJEET RAIPURE (PP18022 ) ARPAN WASAN (PP18023 ) UMASHANKAR (PP18067 ) MANSI THAKKER (PP18075 ) SHIVAM SOOD (PP18085 ) SWAPNIL BHARGAVA (PP18104 ) KESHVI SHAH (PP18131 ) Guided By:- Dr. M.S. Jain

2. WHAT IS UNFCCC? UNFCCC stands for United Nations Framework Convention on C limate Change. It was adopted on 5 June 1992. The objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.

3. It also states that “such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adopt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner”.

4. WHAT ARE THE CLIMATE CHANGE PROBLEMS? The composition of the world’s atmosphere is impacted by GHG’s emissions for countries around the world.

5. REASONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE PROBLEMS. Clear filling of forests. Certain farming methods that increased level of GHG’s. Burning of fossil fuels. Production and use of energy by individuals and businesses. Activities essential for raising the standard of living for people everywhere.

6. WHAT IS MITIGATION? As there is a direct relation between global average temperatures and the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the key for the climate change problem rests in decreasing the amount of emissions released into the atmosphere and in reducing the current concentration od CO 2 by enhancing sinks.

7. ACTIONS TAKEN Targeting activities that results in large amount of GHG’s. example- Policies, Incentives schemes and investment programmes which address all sectors, including energy generation and use, transport, buildings, industry, agriculture forestry and other land use. Promoting use of renewable energy.

8. Promoting use of new technology such as electric cars, or changes in practices or behaviours such as driving less. Expanding forests and other sinks to remove greater amounts of CO 2 from the atmosphere.

9. Carbon Trading Concept Origin of Carbon Trading is after the passing of Kyoto Protocol, UN has created carbon trading business. This is under clean development UN scientists identified a cluster of GHG as the causes of global warming and therefore climate changes.

10. How Carbon C redits Works

11. Need of CC

12. Stages in UNFCCC adaptation activities

13. Conclusion UNFCCC was adopted with an objective to “stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system ”. Over the past 25 years, greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, far from stabilizing, have reached record levels. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), the main GHG, has increased from 358 parts per million (ppm) in 1994 to 412 ppm in 2018. 400 ppm of CO 2  was last witnessed on earth about 3 million years ago. The global temperature too has steadily increased from 0.25C above the pre-industrial era in the early 1990s to an increase of 1.1C in 2018. Very soon, the temperature increase is likely to hit 1.5C,  declared recently as a guardrail  by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to avoid catastrophic impacts of climate change. All this while, the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events have significantly increased, destroying lives and livelihoods. Between 1997 and 2016, extreme weather events caused more than 500,000 deaths and economic losses of around US $3.16 trillion worldwide. And, if we do not heed the warning of the IPCC’s special report on 1.5C, these numbers would seem minuscule ten years from now.

14. Instead of reducing, annual emissions of GHG continue to increase and are today 60% above 1994 levels. In fact, in 2018, global CO 2  emissions increased by 2.7%, one of the high annual increases in the decade. Emissions are increasing in almost all countries, including developed countries that had pledged to reduce emissions . W e have neither been able to shift the global energy system away from fossil fuels nor have we been able to provide adequate amounts of clean energy to all . T his has happened because global cooperation on energy and climate change has weakened, rather than strengthened, over the years . IPCC’s special report on 1.5C makes it clear that the Paris Agreement cannot limit warming to even 2C. In fact, global warming is likely to reach 1.5C between 2030 and 2052. To limit warming at 1.5C, CO 2  emissions will have to be reduced by 45% by 2030 from 2010 levels and reach net-zero by 2050. This means that we have 12 years to turn around the energy system of the world and cut emissions drastically.

15. The UNFCCC has moved from a top-down legally binding Kyoto Protocol to a bottom-up ‘self-determined’ voluntary Paris Agreement. Today, there is a question mark over the survival of the weak Paris Agreement itself. The United States has promised to leave the agreement and on its way out it, along with other big polluters, fatally weakened  the Paris rulebook along with its legal bindings.

16. UNFCCC NOW? The UNFCCC is now simply a platform to collect, synthesize and disseminate information. It doesn’t have the tools to drive global collective action to combat climate change. In such a situation, the continuation of the international effort at the UNFCCC should be curtailed and energy directed elsewhere . The UNFCCC is now simply a platform to collect, synthesize and disseminate information. It doesn’t have the tools to drive global collective action to combat climate change. In such a situation, the continuation of the international effort at the UNFCCC should be curtailed and energy directed elsewhere.

17. Proposed Strategies By Chandra Bhushan is deputy director federal of the Centre for Science and Environment in New Delhi . First , let’s create multiple sectoral and regional platforms to drive transformation. We could push for international ‘sectoral’ treaties to achieve real transition in energy, transport, agriculture and industrial sectors like steel and cement. To support countries to implement these treaties, regional platforms could be set-up to build capacity and facilitate technology transfer . Second, climate change is too important an issue to be left to governments alone. We need government-plus strategy, especially concrete actions from the private sector. Many would argue that the Paris Agreement engages the private sector. But private-sector engagement in the Paris Agreement is voluntary and has not added up to much. To push private sector, we will have to make climate change a fiduciary duty of corporations and hold them accountable for polluting the climate. I know that all these ideas would be considered a non-starter. But it is better we try something different now than regret later.

18. THANK YOU