Unit-1.Aircraft basics with history of aircraft

Introduction to aircraft, parts of aircrafts and history of the aircraft

1. OE: Aircraft Electronics and Systems UEC632N Presented by: Dr. Vijaylakshmi Jigajinni ECE Dept. BEC Bagalkote

2. Syllabus

3. Basics of Aircraft

4. An aircraft consists of ( i ) main frame—fuselage to carry passengers or payloads, (ii) wings to provide lifting force to overcome weight of the aircraft, (iii) propulsion system ( jet engine or turboprop or propeller engine) and (iv) sophisticated avionics system including instrumentation system, navigation systems, communication systems and warning systems. Modern avionics suite includes many digital computers to increase safety, reduce pilot workload and enhance reliability.

5. Control Surfaces The primary control surfaces are shown in Fig. and these control the pitch, roll and yaw of the aircraft.

6. The secondary control surfaces include air brakes spoilers, trims for roll, pitch and yaw, as shown in Fig.

7. Forces, Moments and Angle of Attack (AOA)

8. There are two coordinate systems: ( i ) First coordinate system—inertial coordinate system is fixed to the earth and is used for aircraft motion analysis, with respect to earth. (ii) Second coordinate system—body coordinate system is fixed to the moving aircraft.

9. Coordinate System Three Forces The aircraft experiences longitudinal force, lateral force and vertical (normal) force. Likewise, there are three moments: 1. Pitching moment about lateral axis, 2. Rolling moment about longitudinal axis, and 3. Yawing moment about vertical axis.

10. Angle of Attack (AOA) Angle of attack (AOA, α Greek letter alpha) is the angle between the chord line of an aerofoil and the vector representing the relative motion of aerofoil and the surrounding air.

11. High Alpha

12. High AoA in fighter aircraft give an agility to evade missile hits Indian-Russian fighter aircraft has highest AoA of 123 degree of 3 sec AoA has increased from 20 to 45 degree even to 90 degree High Alpha

13. Engines Modern jet liners have 2, 3 or even 4 turbo fan Engine perform unprecedented reliability, so that failures are rare Turbo engines are more propular

14. Avionics Modern aircraft includes state of art instrumentation, navigation, communication and warning systems 3 warning systems Stall warning systems Ground proximity warning system Traffic collision avoidance system

15. Evolution of Aircrafts

16. Histroy