Unit-II: Eugenics

Eugenics is the science which deals with all influences that improve inborn qualities of a race, also with those that develop them to almost advantage.

1. EUGENICS
By
Ms. Preeti
SMVDCoN

2. EUGENICS

3. INTRODUCTION
•This word eugenic was
coined by Francis Galton in
1883.this word has been
derived from two Greek
words.
•Eu-Good or well
•Genes-born ( wellborn)
•In a broader sense, it is
considered as the study of

4. definitions
•Acc.toFrancisGalton(1904)
Eugenicsisthesciencewhich
dealswithallinfluencesthat
improveinbornqualitiesofa
race,alsowiththosethat
developthemtoalmost
advantage.
•Acc.toBritishmedical
association
Eugenicsisthestudyand

5. Aims of eugenics
1.Tosavetheresources.
2.To create healthy
people/healthy
community.
3.Tohaveintelligentpeople
ortohavethecommunity
freefrom mentally
retardedpeople.
4.Todecreasethehuman
sufferings

6. Factors that determine the genetic
health of a Nation
•What kind (genetic makeup) of people
contributes to the ancestors of future
generation?
•What is the type of marriage practices?
•What is the percentage of existing
children born out of excellent genetic
composition?

7. Eugenic measures
NEGATIV
E
EUGENIC
S
POSITIVE
EUGENIC
S

8. Positive eugenics
•Themainpurposeofpositive
eugenicswastoachievehealthy
population.
•Positiveeugenics encourages
reproductionamong genetically
advantagespopulation.variousways
ofpositiveeugenicsare:-
•In-vitrofertilization,eggtransplant
andcloning.geneticallyadvantages
peopleareencouragedtoassumethe
burdenofparenthood.positive

9. Negative eugenics
•Negative eugenics is concerned with
decreasing or lowering the fertility
among genetic disadvantages.
•The various ways of negative eugenics
are abortion ,sterilization ,adoption of
family planning methods. Negative
eugenics is considered immoral
because it:
•Enforces sterilization among
genetically defective.
•

10. Segregation of
mentally ill from
normal
Birth control
Genetics
counseling
Negatives
eugenics
Early diagnosis
and treatment
Marriage
counseling
euthenics
Positive
eugenics
Eugenic
measures

12. euthenics
•Euthenicsismanipulatingthe
environmentinorderto
improvethegenotype.
•Asenvironmentalfactorsare
involvedsuchassmoking,
diet,obesityandlackof
exerciseinproducingdisease
suchascancer,hypertension,
diabetesmellitus&heart
diseaseswhichcancause

13. Genetics counseling
•Genetic counseling
includes screening of
the cases and
informing them the risk
of having the affected
children.
•It is one of the way to
prevent the occurrence
of hereditary disease
among population.

14. Marriage restrictions
•Marriagerestrictionsamong
geneticallydisadvantaged
peoplealsoconsideredoneof
thewaytoachievegenetic
endowment among
population.
•As marriage among
heterozygousparentsofany
defectscangiveriseto
affectedchildren.
•Marriage among the
individuals sufferings

15. Birth control
•Theaimofbirthcontrol
measuresaseugenicsisto
reducethefrequencyof
hereditarydiseaseand
disabilityinthecommunity
tothelowlevel.

16. Early diagnosis and
treatment
•Some of the genetics diseases
if diagnosed earlier, can be
diagnosed earlier, can be
corrected such as congenital
hip displasia, early diagnosis
can be made by identifying
the carriers of genetics
disorder by investigations such
as serum Creatinekinase level
to identify the carriers.
•Identifying the possibility of
chromosomal abnormalities

17. •Screening of the babies,
once born for some
disease as
phenylketonuria, cystic
fibrosis, dislocation of
hip etc.
•Early identifying the
cases , who are suffering
from disease such as
gout , Thalassaemia.

18. Segregation of mentally
ill from normal
•There is need to
segregate the
mentally ill from
normal so as to
prevent the birth
of mentally ill child
among
community.

19. Methods of application of
eugenics
At
Govern
ment
level
At an
Individ
ual
level
At
popula
tion
level

20. •At government level:
government should make
policies and legislation to
achieve healthy community
through eugenics and these
should be implemented and
evaluated to see the effect of
these policies and community
health.
•At population level: eugenics
should be promoted among
general population through

21. SPECIFIC PROTECTION
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
AND TREATMENT
•Detection of genetic
carriers.
•Prenatal diagnosis
•Screening of newborn
infants.
•Recognizing
preclinical cases
LATEST ADVANCES IN
GENETICS
•DNA vaccination
•Biochips
•Human cloning
•Recombinant DNA
technology
•Stem cell therapy

22. Role of community health
nurse
•She provide education to people
about the hereditary risk for
developing diseases.
•CHN identifies the hereditary
diseases among the population
and refer and motivate them to
seek medical treatment & advice.
•She informs the community
about the risk and benefits
associated with genetic testing.
•CHN manage the disease risk

23. •Sheanalysisthedataanddevelop
plantoaddressthegenetics
concerns.
•Sheprovidesgeneticcounselingto
thepeoplewhoareeithercarrieror
diseasedofabnormalgenetics
constitutionandstructure.
•Sheteachesthepeopleaboutthe
eugenicsmethodssuchasbirth
controlormarriagerestrictionetc.
•Shetakesallmeasurestoprovide
suitableenvironmenttopeopleso
astopreventmutationofgenesdue
toimperfectenvironment.