Unit V.pptx Personality, types, nature, determinants of personality

Personality, personlity
psychology
psychiatric problems
psychological test
psychology problems
child psychology
nature of personality
determinants of personality
types of personality
theories of personality
psychosocial development
Psychoanalysis theory
psycho development
psycho dynamic
psychometric assessment
projective technique
personality disorder
role of nurse
common problem
behavior

1. Unit – V Personality P rof. Rahul Sharma Seedling School of Nursing, JNU, Jaipur

2. Personality Meaning, definition of personality Classification of personality Measurement and evaluation of personality-Introduction Alteration in personality Role of nurse in Identification of individual personality and improvement in altered personality.

3. Introduction The word personality has been derived from the Latin word ‘persona’. At first this word was used for the mask worn by the actors (Roman and Greek) in ancient times, to indicate to the audience whether they played the villain’s or the hero’s role in a drama. Thus the mask gave the actor his characteristic features. Personality is the total quality of an individual behavior as it is shown in the habits, thinking, attitudes, interests, the manner of acting and the personal philosophy of life.

4. DEFINITIONS “Personality consists of the distinctive patterns of behavior including thoughts and emotions that characterize each individual’s adaptation to the situations of his or her life”. ( Walter Mischel—1976 ) “Personality is the sum of activities that can be discovered by actual observations over a long enough period of time to give reliable information”. ( Watson )

5. Nature of Personality

6. Determinations of Personality

7. TYPES OF PERSONALITY Hippocrates Classification: Personality type Temperamental characteristics Sanguine Optimistic, happy, hopeful, accommodating Phlegmatic Cold, calm, slow and indifferent Melancholic Sad, depressed, pessimistic, dejected, deplorable and self-involved Choleric Irritable, passionate, strong, active, imaginative

8. Sheldon’s Classification : Name Description Endomorphic (fat, soft, round ) Easy going, sociable, affectionate and fond of eating Mesomorphic ( muscular) Craving for muscular activity, self- assertive, loves risk and adventure, energetic, assertive and bold tempered Ectomorphic (T hin, long) Pessimistic, unsociable, reserved, brainy, artistic and introvert

9. Kretschmer’s Classification: Personality type Personality characteristics Pyknic (having faty bodies) Sociable, jolly, easy going and good natured Athletic (balanced body) Energetic, optimistic and adjustable Leptosomatic (lean and thin) Unsociable, reserved, shy, sensitive and pessimistic

10. Jung’s classification of Personality Extroverts Introverts The extroverts are interested in the world around them The introverts are interested in themselves, their own feelings, emotions and are unable to adjust easily to social situations They are sociable, friendly, not easily upset by difficulties Socially they are aloof and withdrawn They are men of action rather than reflection They are shy and reserved They are successful in adjusting to the realities of their environment, are socially active and more interested in leaving a good impression on others They prefer to work alone and avoid social contacts. They are inclined to worry and get easily embar- rassed Their behavior is influenced more by physical stimulation than by their inner thoughts and ideas Introverts are persons who seek manifestation of their life through inner activities by going inward or dragging up things from within themselves Politicians, social workers, lawyers, insurance agents, salesmen, etc. fall in this category Philosophers, scientists, writers, etc. fall in this category

11. Allport Classification: Ascendant Descendant The ascendant type tends to dominate a situation The descendant (submissive) person is inclined to be self-critical, self-analytical and indecisive He is outgoing and is interested in the world around him He is daydreaming and withdraws from social or competitive situations

12. PSYCHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF PERSONALITY Œ Interview method  Observation method Ž Personality inventories  Projective techniques  Situational tests

13. Interview method Interview can be defined as a face to face conver - sation carried on with some basic goals.

14. Observation Method In this method the individual is observed in various situations (such as observing a person at work or play) for several days and some conclusions are formulated. Direct observation is most accurate if the observers are well trained in this activity.

15. Mary is 35-year old. She is attractive and has a doctorate in Nursing. Her career is considered very successful because by the age of 30 she became a staff Nurse in AIIMS. But she has problems in relationship. She tried Shadi.com and were approached by several men. But none of them continued dating with her after three meetings. How can you help her?

16. Next time when she has a date, you can go with her and observe how she interacts with the man from a distance (use a camera with a telephoto lens)

17. Personality inventories A personality inventory is a printed form containing statements, questions or adjectives which apply to human behavior. One of the most commonly used personality test is the ‘Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory’ also called the MMPI. This test asks for answers of ‘True’ or ‘False’ or ‘Cannot say’ to 550 statements. Questions Answers 1. Do you adapt yourself easily to new conditions? Yes No 2. Do you have frequent ups and downs in mood? Yes No 3. Do you usually take the initiative in making new friends? Yes No 4. Do you prefer to work alone rather than with people? Yes No

18. Projective techniques Rorschach inkblot test Thematic apperception test Word association or free association test Sentence completion tests

19. Rorschach Inkblot Test It was developed by Herman Rorschach in 1921. This test involves ten cards containing inkblots shown to the subject one at a time in a prescribed order. The subject is instructed to state whatever he/she sees in them or whatever they bring to mind.

20. Thematic Apperception Test This test was developed by CD Morgan and Henry A Murray in 1935. In this test, subject is shown ambiguous pictures and asked to make up a story for each one.

21. Word Association Test In the word association test the subject is informed that the examiner would utter a series of words, one word at a time and subject should immediately utter the first word which comes to his mind and that there are no right or wrong answers

22. Sentence Completion Test In this, a number of incomplete sentences are given and the subject is required to complete them.

23. Common Behavioral Changes due to Illness Withdrawn behavior Changes in self-concept, body image and lifestyle Self-centeredness Demanding and dependent behavior Uncooperativeness Hostility Shame and guilt feeling

24. Classification of Personality Disorders Paranoid personality disorder Schizoid personality disorder Dissocial (Antisocial) personality disorder Histrionic personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Anxious personality disorder Dependent personality disorder Obsessive compulsive ( Anankastic ) personality disorder

25. Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is  a mental condition in which a person has a long-term pattern of distrust and suspicion of others . Schizoid personality disorder is a condition where a person shows very little, if any, interest and ability to form relationships with other Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a mental health condition. People with ASPD may not understand how to behave toward others. Histrionic personality disorder involves extreme emotionality and attention-seeking behavior that begins in early adulthood. Narcissistic personality disorder is  a mental health condition in which people have an unreasonably high sense of their own importance .

26. Borderline personality disorder’ is marked by a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, mood, behavior and self-image. ‘ Anxious personality disorder’ is marked by feelings of inadequacy, extreme social anxiety, social withdrawal and hypersensitivity to others opinions. ‘Dependent personality disorder’ is characterized by an extreme need to be taken care of, which leads to submissive, clinging behavior and fear of separation or rejection. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control (with no room for flexibility) that ultimately slows or interferes with completing a task

27. Role of Nurse Assessing emotional status Finding changes in behaviour Facilitating communication Helping with care planning

28. Thanks