United nations organisation

about united nations organization its effectiveness and failure. Suez crisis, apartheid, iraq and palestine issue

1. United Nations Organization

2. Members : Zaynub Malik 92 Mahanoor Saif 89 Faiza Nawazish 132 Roobash Tazein 135 Zahra Naeem 108 Mahnoor Shahid 123 Ruhma Yousaf 130

3. 6/3/2014 Introduction Administrative Bodies Achievements Of UNO Failures Of UNO & it’s Causes Realist & Liberalist School Of Thought for UNO Conclusion & Recommendation

4. United Nations Intergovernmental Organization Established on 24 October 1945 To Enforce: LAW SECURITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL PROGRESS HUMAN RIGHTS BETTER LIVING STANDARDS

5. 6/3/2014 HISTORY World War 1 & World War 2 were highly destructive of life as well as of material

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7. 6/3/2014 Axis Nations— Germany, Italy & Japan. On 26 June 1945, Representatives of 50 countries signed the final charter of the UN. Officially came into existence on 24 October 1945. Franklin D. Roosevelt 32nd President of the US

8. Preamble Of Charter To maintain international peace and security. To develop friendly relations among nations. To achieve international cooperation in solving economic , social, cultural and humanitarian problems. 6/3/2014

9. 6/3/2014 PRINCIPLES All Member States have sovereign equality. All Member States must obey the Charter. Countries must try to settle their differences by peaceful means. Countries must avoid using force or threatening to use force. The UN may not interfere in the domestic affairs of any country.

10. Administrative Bodies WORKING Discusses any matter arising under the UN Charter and make recommendations to Members The General Assembly -- Main deliberative organ of the United Nations --

11. 2. The Security Council 6/3/2014 MEMBERS 5 permanent members and 10 elected by General Assembly —   For international security issues —

12. 3. The Economic and Social Council 6/3/2014 It has 54 member nations elected from all regions. Responsible for co-operation between states as regards economic and social matters. — For global economical and social affairs —

13. 4. The Trusteeship Council 6/3/2014 Supervise the administration of dependent Territories The system was created at the end of the Second World War. — For administering trust territories —

14. 5 . The International Court of Justice Functions: Settle legal disputes and provide advisory opinions on legal questions. Composition: 15 judges elected to nine year terms by the UN General Assembly Working: T o adjudicate disputes among states. 6/3/2014 — Universal court for international law —

15. 6. The Secretariat — For administering trust territories — Function The Secretariat is made up of an international staff working at UN Headquarters in New York. Working T o prevent conflicts or promote peaceful settlement of disputes between countries.

16. Agencies associated with UN International Labor Organization (ILO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) World Bank (WB) World Health Organization (WHO) The UN and the World Trade Organization (WTO) 6/3/2014

17. 6/3/2014 Achievements SUEZ CANAL Shipping canal through the 100 miles of desert between Africa and Asia. IMPORTANCE Shortest ocean link between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. Eased Commerce for Trading Nations Helped European Colonial Powers to gain and govern their colonies Short Sea Route to the Oilfields of the Persian Gulf. Suez Crisis (1956)

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19. 1956, Egyptian leader “Gamal Abdel Nasser” seized control of the Suez Canal. Britain and France, together with Israel launched attacks on Egypt. USSR threatened to shower the west with Nuclear Weapons. United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) 6/3/2014

20. Promoting and Protecting Human Rights Political, Civil, Economic, Social and Cultural rights. Promoted Human Rights of Children, Women, Refugees, Indigenous people UN High Commissioner for Human Rights(UNHCR) established by the general assembly 6/3/2014

21. Health Care 6/3/2014 The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS ( UNAIDS) It provide universal access to HIV prevention and treatment services

22. Environmental Issues TREATY United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), International Environmental Treaty. OBJECTIVE “To stabilize greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous and Anthropogenic Interference with the Climate system.” 6/3/2014

23. Human Activities are the primary cause for ‘Climatic Changes’ 6/3/2014

24. Ending of Apartheid Apartheid : Elimination of Apartheid was on the agenda of the United Nations United nations took action against Apartheid Arms embargo Oil embargo 6/3/2014

25. 6/3/2014 Declaration on Apartheid by general assembly in 1989 The United Nations Observer Mission in South Africa was established by the Security Council on 17 August 1992 In 1994 a democratic Government was established .

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27. Muammar Gaddafi (Late) criticized the UN 6/3/2014 Failures

28. Divided Council 6/3/2014 its undemocratic structure Counil ability to maintain peace depends upon interest of big five

29. Palestine Issue View of Jews for Jerusalem Palestinians are deprived of their homeland Importance of Israel for US 6/3/2014

30. US prevents UNSC from adopting resolutions condemning I sraeli activities in Jerusalem 6/3/2014

31. Syrian Crisis Opposition of Russia and China over the issue of Syria Interest of Russia Russia has a naval installation in Syria Russia still has a bit of a Cold War mentality 6/3/2014

32. UN as an instrument of US U.S allocate funds to UN in their budget planning… The U.S. contributes more to the UN than any other country . -- 22 percent of the regular UN budget and 27 percent of the peacekeeping budget 6/3/2014

33. IRAQ WAR 2003 The war started without the consent of the Security Council amidst strong opposition from many countries. Role of US and UK to use Veto and pass the resolution France stops to introduce an other resolution US and UK invade without the authority of UN Later clarified the issue 6/3/2014

34. 6/3/2014 Rwanda Genocide

35. Sri Lanka Civil War 2009 Long war of 26 years between the Buddhist Sinhalese majority and the Hindu Tamil minority. The UN admitted its failure in Sri Lanka civil war to confront the government over the killing of separatist group members The UN was failed to stop the war and to protect the human rights. 6/3/2014

36. 6/3/2014 DURFUR : The unstable nation of Sudan erupted in conflict, , the UN did not enter Sudan, instead urging members of the African Union to intervene. SREBRENICA MASSACRE : The United Nations designated Srebrenica a safe-zone in 1993. 1995 Bosnian War massacre was the single worst act of mass murder on European soil since World War II.

37. 6/3/2014 Realist & Liberalist School O f T hought for United Nations Organization (UNO)

38. Two Classical view points: Realist view Liberalist view 6/3/2014

39. UN in and of itself is an “Idealist Forum." 6/3/2014      

40. UN a Liberal or Realist Organization? United Nations is a liberal organization. The Liberal Theory focuses on international institutions and systems . Liberal theorists often study institutions such as the United Nations. 6/3/2014

41. The liberal idea that international security and order can develop under an international organization lead to the creation of the UNO. International organizations, such as the  United Nations  , were calculated both to maintain a balance of power as well as regularize cooperation between nations. 6/3/2014

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43. Generate a more balanced distribution Enhances coherence Pay increase attention to inter temporal decisions Should emphasis on transparency, accountability, integrity, efficiency and flexibility. Developing environment

44. Efficient UN action was in fact stymied by superpower conflict that was based on both geopolitical and ideological factors. Some improvements towards peaceful cooperation were, made by simply providing a peaceful platform for global discussion.  Thorough reforms of the UN, especially the UNSC, could work towards better international governance and maintenance of peace and security in the world, but they can only work if the Big Five are ready to give up their veto and engage in more democratic power-sharing. The world needs a truly legitimate international organization that serves the needs of those affected by conflicts directly, and not the interests of the power-hungry nations who run the show. This can only be achieved when there are serious diplomatic efforts to make the UNSC a truly “one member, one vote” system, serving the interests of all nations . CONCLUSION

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