Upfc & fact

The significance of power factor correction (PFC) has long been visualized as a technology requirement for improving the efficiency of a power system network by compensating for the fundamental reactive power generated or consumed by simple inductive or capacitive loads. With the Information Age in full swing, the growth of high reliability, low cost electronic products have led utilities to escalate their power quality concerns created by the increase of such “switching loads.” These products include: entertainment devices such as Digital TVs, DVDs, and audio equipment; information technology devices such as PCs, printers, and fax-machines; variable speed motor drives for HVAC and white goods appliances; food preparation and cooking products such as microwaves and cook tops; and lighting products, which include electronic ballasts, LED and fluorescent lamps, and other power conversion devices that operate a variety of lamps. The drivers that have resulted in this proliferation are a direct result of the availability of low-cost switch-mode devices and control circuitry in all major end-use segments: residential, commercial, and industrial.

1. A Seminar On “POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT USING UPFC” By Mr. SURENDRA M. BUTALE Under the guidance of Prof. S. P. Jolhe Associate Prof. In Electrical Engineering Department DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING GOVT. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHANDRAPUR 2014-2015

2. Content Introduction of power factor improvement Power factor Effect of low power factor FACTS Benefits of FACTS FACTS Devices Introduction to UPFC Circuit description Operation of UPFC Application Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION Electrical energy generated, transmitted, distributed in the form of a lternating current. Therefore power factor plays an important role. Power factor is highly undesirable as it causes an increase in current, result in additional losses of active power in all the elements of power system For good quality of power supply, it is necessary to have power factor as close as unity .

4. Power factor The cosine angle between voltage and current in an AC circuit. The ratio of resistance to impedance. The ratio of active power to the apparent power. Power triangle Kw KVA KVAr q θ Apparent power= VI in KVA Active power = VI cosθ in KW Reactive power = VI sinθ in KVAr

5. Effect of low power factor Large KVA rating of equipment Greater conductor size Large copper losses Poor voltage regulation

6. FACTS Flexible AC Transmission System (Facts) is a new integrated concept based on power electronic switching converters and dynamic controllers to enhance the system utilization and power transfer capacity as well as the stability, security, reliability and power quality of AC system interconnections . FACTS technologies improved transmission system operation with minimum investment, environmental impact and implementation time compared to the construction of new transmission line.

7. BENEFITS OF FACTS Regulation of power flows in prescribed transmission routes. Reduces the need for construction of new transmission lines, capacitors and reactors. Provides greater ability to transfer power between controlled areas. These devices help to damp the power oscillations that could damage the equipment.

8. BENEFITS OF FACTS Improves the transient stability of the system. Controls real and reactive power flow in the line independently. Damping of oscillations which can threaten security or limit the usable line capacity.

9. FACTS Devices Name Type Main function Controller SVC shunt voltage control Thyristor TCSC series power flow control Thyristor TCPAR series & power flow control Thyristor shunt STATCOM shunt Voltage control GTO SSSC series power flow control GTO UPFC shunt & voltage and power GTO series flow control

10. INTRODUCTION TO UPFC The UPFC concept describe in 1995 by L. Gyugyi . The UPFC is a device which can control simultaneously all three parameters of line power flow Such "new" FACTS device combines together the features of two "old" FACTS devices: 1. STATCOM 2. SSSC Control active and reactive power in transmission line These two devices are two Voltage Source Inverters (VSI’s) connected respectively in shunt with the transmission line through a shunt transformer and in series with the transmission line through a series transformer, connected to each other by a common dc link including a storage capacitor .

11. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The basic configuration of a UPFC, which is installed between the sending-end Vs and the receiving-end VR. The UPFC consists of a combination of a series device and a shunt device, the dc terminals of which are connected to a common dc link capacitor . Fig1: Basic configuration of UPFC

12. Operation of UPFC Series inverter- used for active and reactive line power flow Shunt inverter used for voltage regulation UPFC extensively used in power system because of their ability to provide flexible power flow controller

13. Application Using HVDC transmission system Use of UPFC for optimal power flow control For improving micro grid voltage profile For enhancement of voltage profile & minimization of losses Increase transient stability of inter area power system For damping power system ossicilation

14. conclusion UPFC is FACT device used to control active & reactive power flow. The overall result over the power system is that it improved the power factor. So it bring the present power system at better economy level

15. Thank you