UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET REACTOR

UASB REACTOR PROJECT BY MOHAMMADF AFTAB SAIFI
FOR DEAR FRIEND DANISH IQBAL

1. LUCKNOW MODEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT PRESENTATION ON UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET REACTOR SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: SHIVAM SINGH ( 1448400026) SANDEEP KUMAR ( 1448400023) DANISH IQBAL ( 1448400009) ER RIYAZ ( 1448400022)

2. INTRODUCTION The UASB technology was developed by Lettinga and his co-workers in the late 1970’s. Originally the reactor was designed to treat industrial waste water but later its application was extended to treatment of sewage. Nowadays, the use of UASB rector is extensively for the treatment of several types of waste water, forming a part of the high rate of anaerobic technology.

3. UASB reactor Setup The UASB scheme basically consisted of Influent tank, peristaltic pump, cylindrical UASB reactor, Gas/liquid/solid separator, effluent outlet, gas outlet and collection system. Figure 18.7 showing the basic scheme of the UASB reactor.

4. UASB Reactor

5. FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE OF UASB REACTOR Organic Loading Rate Nutrients Hydraulic Retention Time Volatile Fatty Acids Operational Temperature Operational pH

6. 1. Organic Loading Rate Organic loading rate (OLR) is an important parameter that considerably affects the performance of a UASB reactor. The fluctuations in organic load depends on the sludge properties, mixing intensity, SRT (sludge retention time), HRT (hydraulic retention time), duration of the variation, bacterial mass and activity.

7. 2. Nutrients The growth of anaerobic microorganisms depends on the availability of the essential nutrients present in the wastewater. Deficiency of these nutrients could negatively affect their growth of microbes and also the efficiency of the anaerobic degradation.

8. 3. Hydraulic Retention Time The hydraulic retention time (HRT) is defined as the average time that wastewater spends inside the reactor. HRT is affected by both the flow rate and composition of wastewater entering the UASB reactor. High HRT increases the contact time of wastewater with the sludge and hence improves the effluent quality and biogas production rate.

9. Volatile fatty acids are important intermediate products in the formation of CH4. The right concentration determines the efficiency of substrate removal from the reactor. For a typical reactor, overloading, or sudden variations in HRT and OLR could cause the accumulation of VFA and stressful conditions in the reactor during the break down of complex organic matter. 4. Volatile Fatty Acids

10. Operational temperature is an important parameter in anaerobic degradation processes. It determines the dominant bacterial flora and the growth rates of microorganisms present in a reactor. Different species of bacteria can survive at different temperature ranges. 5. Operational Temperature

11. 6. Operational pH pH is a very important parameter for an anaerobic digester as microbes are highly pH dependent and require suitable conditions of pH to grow optimally. pH far below or higher than the required range could cause an accumulation of acetate, thereby inhibiting the methanogens and leading to conversion of COD to volatile acids instead of CH4 production. Therefore, mostly anaerobic digestion reactors have been operated at pH of between 6.5–7.5.

12. Block Diagram

13. Advantages High efficiency Simplicity Flexibility Low space requirement Low energy consumption Low sludge production

14. Disadvantages Low pathogen and nutrient remover Long Start-up Possible bad odors Necessity of post-treatment

15. QUERIES…???

16. Thank You…!