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1. CONTENTS Introduction  Literature review  Purpose and objectives of the present study Methodology Results and discussion   Conclusion and scope for future work Acknowledgment s References 1

2. Our liquid planet glows like a soft blue sapphire in the hard-edged darkness of space. There is nothing else like it in the solar system. It is because of water by – John Todd About 97% of the total water available on earth is found in oceans and is too salty for drinking or irrigation. The remaining 3% is fresh water. Of this 2.997% is locked in ice caps or glaciers. INTRODUCTION This makes water a very precious resource. 2

3. Water quality monitoring is one of the key tools to identify and keep a check on the pollution status and ensure about the efficiency of management plans (Singh and Jayakumar , 2016). Hence , monitoring of these water resources is crucial for sustainable management. In the present study, Krishna River is chosen as our point of interest as it is nearer to our location and as per the ease of accessibility Krishna River is the second largest river in the southern part of India in terms of water inflows and basin area, after the Godavari. INTRODUCTION 3

4. The Krishna River is one of the prime sources of irrigation for Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. Presence of major dams/ reservoirs/ weirs across the main river causes heavy soil erosion during the monsoon periods due to which the quality of water may change. The water quality monitoring is performed with following goals: To evaluate water quality trend over a period of time For rational planning of pollution control strategies To assess nature and extent of pollution control needed To understand the environmental fate of different pollutants To assess the fitness of water for different uses INTRODUCTION 4

5. Purpose and objectives of the present study Update information on river water quality data (for chosen water quality parameters at selected sites) Maintain a record on technical continuity and uniformity in the collection of the data, Assess the importance of the water pollution problem, more specifically, Krishna river , Vijayawada , Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh , India 5

6. Methodology Selection of appropriate parameters for river water analysis as per the availability of time frame and lab facilities Collection of water samples from different locations (upstream and down stream) of Krishna river Proper preservation of samples and sample analysis (chosen parameters) Conclusions and recommendations Data analysis and interpretations Initial river water analysis for appropriate parameters 6

7. Study area 7

8. Collection of water samples from different locations (upstream and downstream) of Krishna river, Vijayawada 8 Upstream of Krishna river at prakasam barrage Downstream of Krishna river at prakasam barrage Yanamalakuduru lakulu down the line of Krishna river

9. EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS Physical Parameters   Colour   Odour     Turbidity   pH   Electrical Conductivity 9 Chemical parameters   Total dissolved solids (TDS)   Alkalinity [As CaCO з ] Chloride [As Cl - ] Total hardness [ As CaCO з ]   Carbonate hardness [As CaCO з ]    Calcium [As Ca ]    Ammonical nitrogen [ N-NH 3 ]    Nitrate [As No з - ]    Nitrite [As NO₂ - ]    Sulphate [As SO₄ 2- ]    Fluoride [As F - ]    Iron [As Fe ]    Magnesium [As Mg ]

10.  Total Hardness Calibration of TDS Electronic Pen Alkalinity Environmental engineering lab Chloride 10

11. 11 Digital pH Meter Digital Conductivity Meter Digital Turbidity Meter Chemistry lab