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1. BACTERIAL CELL WALL ABHIK KUMAR MAJI ROLL NO 03

2. CELL WALL The cell wall is the outer most layer of the cell. In many cases the cell wall comes in direct contact with the environment. Functions: Protection of the cell Maintain the shapes of the cell Maintain the osmotic integrity of the cell Helps in attachment to surfaces or other bacterias Provide a rigid platform for surface appendages - flagella, fimbriae and pili

3. COM POSITION & CHARACTERISTICS Composed of macromolecular network called pepttdoglycan Papndoglycan consists of repeating disaccharide attached by polypeptides to form a lattice that surrounds and protects the entlre cell Disaccharide portion is made up of Alternating rows of 10- 65 sugars to form a carbohydrate “bachbone" Monosaccharides called N- acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N- acetylmuramlc acld (NAM) Adjacent rows are linked by polypeptides

4. PEPTIDOG LYCAN STRUCTURE Covalently attached to each NAM is a tetrapeptide chain Tetrapeptide chains are linhed by peptide cross- bridges The result Is a 3- D mesh work held together by covalent bonds

5. G RAM POSITIVE (+) CELL WALL Many layers of peptldoglycan Thich layer (rigid structure) of peptidoglycan Thicker than Gram - cell wall Ceil wall contalns telcholc aclds Help in: Attachmant to surfaces Helps In cell groMh regulation Llpoteleholo acid Call teicholc acid. Produce Exotoxins Stains Purple during cram Stain Lab test Example: streptoconcus pyogenes(strep throet)

6. GRAM + CELL WALL What do the green spheres represent? What do the blue spheres represent?

7. GRAM (+) AND ANTIBIOTICS Analyze the cell wall of a Gram + bacteria What part would be attacked by antibiotics and why? What would this do to the cell. Explain

8. GRAM NEGATIVE (- ) CELL WALL

9. G RAM AND ANTIBIOTICS

10. G RAM STAIN

11. G RAM STAIN LAB TEST Bacteria Stained with crystal violet All bacteria will be stained bluish or bluish ;›o i ;›I - KI solution Stain will be fixed due to formation of a complex of ‹rysal violet and KI (Mordant) Destaining is done { with water and alcohol Stain does not come out Gram +ve Bacteria stain come out ./ t, p., ,